Document Outline

• ABAQUS Version 6.6 PDF Documentation
  • ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual
    • Trademarks and Legal Notices
    • ABAQUS Offices and Representatives
    • Preface
    • Contents
    • 9. I
      • 9.1 * IMPEDANCE: Define impedances for acoustic analysis.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define an impedance for PROPERTY, NONREFLECTING = PLANAR, or NONREFLECTING = IMPROVED:
        • Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING = CIRCULAR or NONREFLECTING = SPHERICAL:
        • Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING = ELLIPTICAL or NONREFLECTING = PROLATE SPHEROIDAL:
      • 9.2 * IMPEDANCE PROPERTY: Define the impedance parameters for an acoustic medium boundary.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define an impedance using DATA = ADMITTANCE (default):
        • Data lines to define an impedance using DATA = IMPEDANCE:
      • 9.3 * IMPERFECTION: Introduce geometric imperfections for postbuckling analysis.
        • Optional parameters (mutually exclusive-if neither parameter is specified, ABAQUS assumes that the imperfection data will be entered directl
        • Required parameter if the FILE parameter is used:
        • Optional parameters if the FILE parameter is used:
        • Optional parameter if the FILE parameter is omitted:
        • Data lines to define the imperfection as a linear superposition of mode shapes from the results file:
        • Data line to define the imperfection based on the solution of a static analysis from the results file:
        • Data lines to define the imperfection if the FILE and INPUT parameters are omitted:
      • 9.4 * IMPORT: Import information from a previous ABAQUS/Explicit or ABAQUS/Standard analysis.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to specify element sets to be imported:
        • There are no data lines for importing a part instance.
      • 9.5 * IMPORT CONTROLS: Specify tolerances used in importing model and results data.
        • Required parameter:
      • 9.6 * IMPORT ELSET: Import element set definitions from a previous ABAQUS/Explicit or ABAQUS/Standard analysis.
        • Data lines to specify element set definitions to be imported:
      • 9.7 * IMPORT NSET: Import node set definitions from a previous ABAQUS/Explicit or ABAQUS/Standard analysis.
        • Data lines to specify node set definitions to be imported:
      • 9.8 * INCIDENT WAVE: Define incident wave loading for a blast or scattering load on a boundary.
        • Required parameter:
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Data lines to define an incident wave:
      • 9.9 * INCIDENT WAVE FLUID PROPERTY: Define the fluid properties associated with an incident wave.
        • Data line to define incident wave fluid properties:
      • 9.10 * INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION: Define incident wave loading for a blast or scattering load on a surface.
        • Required parameter:
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Data line to define an incident wave:
      • 9.11 * INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION PROPERTY: Define the geometric data and fluid properties describing an incident wave.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define an incident wave interaction property:
      • 9.12 * INCIDENT WAVE PROPERTY: Define the geometric data describing an incident wave.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define an incident wave property:
      • 9.13 * INCIDENT WAVE REFLECTION: Define the reflection load on a surface caused by incident wave fields.
        • Data lines to define an incident wave reflection:
      • 9.14 * INCLUDE: Reference an external file containing ABAQUS input data.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
      • 9.15 * INCREMENTATION OUTPUT: Define output database requests for time incrementation data.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request incrementation output:
      • 9.16 * INELASTIC HEAT FRACTION: Define the fraction of the rate of inelastic dissipation that appears as a heat source.
        • Data line to define the inelastic heat fraction:
      • 9.17 * INERTIA RELIEF: Apply inertia-based load balancing.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional data lines to specify global (or local, if the ORIENTATION parameter is used) degrees of freedom that define the free directions al
        • There are no data lines when the FIXED or REMOVE parameters are specified.
      • 9.18 * INITIAL CONDITIONS: Specify initial conditions for the model.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line for TYPE = ACOUSTIC STATIC PRESSURE:
        • Data lines for TYPE = CONCENTRATION:
        • Data lines for TYPE = CONTACT:
        • Data lines for TYPE = FIELD, VARIABLE = n:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = FIELD, VARIABLE = n, FILE = file, STEP = step, INC = inc .
        • Data lines for TYPE = FLUID PRESSURE:
        • Data lines to prescribe initial equivalent plastic strain or backstresses using TYPE = HARDENING if the REBAR, SECTION POINTS, and USER para
        • Data lines to prescribe initial volumetric compacting plastic strain for the crushable foam model using TYPE = HARDENING:
        • Data lines for TYPE = HARDENING, REBAR:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = HARDENING, USER .
        • Data lines for TYPE = HARDENING, SECTION POINTS:
        • Data lines for TYPE = INITIAL GAP:
        • Data lines for TYPE = MASS FLOW RATE:
        • Data lines to prescribe initial plastic strains using TYPE = PLASTIC STRAIN if the REBAR and SECTION POINTS parameters are omitted:
        • Data lines for TYPE = PLASTIC STRAIN, REBAR:
        • Data lines for TYPE = PLASTIC STRAIN, SECTION POINTS:
        • Data lines for TYPE = PORE PRESSURE if the USER parameter is omitted:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = PORE PRESSURE, USER .
        • Data lines for TYPE = POROSITY:
        • Data lines for TYPE = PRESSURE STRESS:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = PRESSURE STRESS, FILE = file, STEP = step, INC = inc .
        • Data lines for TYPE = RATIO if the USER parameter is omitted:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = RATIO, USER .
        • Data lines for TYPE = REF COORDINATE:
        • Data lines for TYPE = RELATIVE DENSITY:
        • Data lines for TYPE = ROTATING VELOCITY:
        • Data lines for TYPE = SATURATION:
        • Data lines for TYPE = SOLUTION if the USER and REBAR parameters are omitted:
        • Data lines for TYPE = SOLUTION, REBAR:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = SOLUTION, USER .
        • Data lines for TYPE = SPECIFIC ENERGY:
        • Data lines for TYPE = SPUD EMBEDMENT:
        • Data lines for TYPE = SPUD PRELOAD:
        • Data lines for TYPE = STRESS if the GEOSTATIC, REBAR, SECTION POINTS, and USER parameters are omitted:
        • Data lines for TYPE = STRESS, GEOSTATIC:
        • Data lines for TYPE = STRESS, REBAR:
        • Data lines for TYPE = STRESS, SECTION POINTS:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = STRESS, USER .
        • Data lines for TYPE = TEMPERATURE:
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = TEMPERATURE, FILE = file, STEP = step, INC = inc .
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = TEMPERATURE, MIDSIDE, FILE = file, STEP = step, INC = inc .
        • No data lines are required for TYPE = TEMPERATURE, INTERPOLATE, FILE = file, STEP = step, INC = inc .
        • Data lines for TYPE = VELOCITY:
      • 9.19 * INSTANCE: Begin an instance definition.
        • Required parameters if the instance is not imported from a previous analysis:
        • Required parameter if the instance is to be imported from a previous analysis:
        • Optional import parameter:
        • Data line to translate an instance that is not imported from a previous analysis:
        • Data lines to translate and/or rotate an instance that is not imported from a previous analysis:
        • There are no data lines for an instance that is imported from a previous analysis.
      • 9.20 * INTEGRATED OUTPUT: Specify variables integrated over a surface to be written to the output database.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request integrated output:
      • 9.21 * INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTION: Define an integrated output section over a surface with a local coordinate system and a reference point.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
      • 9.22 * INTERACTION OUTPUT: Specify spot weld interaction variables to be written to the output database.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Data lines to request spot weld interaction output to the output database:
      • 9.23 * INTERACTION PRINT: Define print requests for spot weld interaction variables.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to request spot weld interaction variable output to the data file:
      • 9.24 * INTERFACE: Define properties for contact elements.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line for ITT -type elements:
        • Data lines for ISL21A and ISL22A elements:
        • Data lines for IRS -type elements for use with axisymmetric elements:
        • Data line for ASI1 elements:
        • Data line for ASI -type elements for use with 2-D elements:
        • Data lines for ASI -type elements for use with axisymmetric elements or 3-D elements:
      • 9.25 * ITS: Define properties for ITS elements.
        • Required parameter:
        • Data line for ITSUNI elements:
        • Data line for ITSCYL elements:
    • 10. J
      • 10.1 * JOINT: Define properties for JOINTC elements.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • There are no data lines associated with this option; instead, include * SPRING and * DASHPOT options as needed to define the joint behavior.
      • 10.2 * JOINT ELASTICITY: Specify elastic properties for elastic-plastic joint elements.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines for MODULI = SPUD CAN and NDIM =2:
        • Data lines for MODULI = SPUD CAN and NDIM =3:
        • Data lines for MODULI = GENERAL and NDIM =2:
        • Data lines for MODULI = GENERAL and NDIM =3:
      • 10.3 * JOINT PLASTICITY: Specify plastic properties for elastic-plastic joint elements.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines for TYPE = SAND:
        • Data lines for TYPE = CLAY:
        • Data lines for TYPE = MEMBER:
      • 10.4 * JOINTED MATERIAL: Specify the jointed material model.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines defining failure surface and flow parameters ( SHEAR RETENTION omitted):
        • Data lines defining the shear retention in open joints ( SHEAR RETENTION included):
      • 10.5 * JOULE HEAT FRACTION: Define the fraction of electric energy released as heat.
        • Data line to define the joule heat fraction:
    • 11. K
      • 11.1 * KAPPA: Specify the material parameters and for mass diffusion driven by gradients of temperature and equivalent pressure stress, resp
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the Soret effect factor, κ s ( TYPE = TEMP ):
        • Data lines to define the pressure stress factor, κ p ( TYPE = PRESS ):
      • 11.2 * KINEMATIC: Define a kinematic coupling constraint.
        • Data lines to specify the degrees of freedom to be constrained:
      • 11.3 * KINEMATIC COUPLING: Constrain all or specific degrees of freedom of a set of nodes to the rigid body motion of a reference node.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to specify the nodes and degrees of freedom to be constrained:
    • 12. L
      • 12.1 * LATENT HEAT: Specify latent heats.
        • Data lines to define a material's latent heat:
      • 12.2 * LOAD CASE: Begin a load case definition for multiple load case analysis.
        • Required parameter:
    • 13. M
      • 13.1 * MAP SOLUTION: Map a solution from an old mesh to a new mesh.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to translate an old-model mesh:
        • Data lines to translate and/or rotate an old-model mesh:
      • 13.2 * MASS: Specify a point mass.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define the mass magnitude:
      • 13.3 * MASS DIFFUSION: Transient or steady-state uncoupled mass diffusion analysis.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define time stepping in a mass diffusion analysis:
      • 13.4 * MASS FLOW RATE: Specify fluid mass flow rate in a heat transfer analysis.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define mass flow rates:
        • Data lines to define mass flow rates using user subroutine UMASFL:
      • 13.5 * MATERIAL: Begin the definition of a material.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
      • 13.6 * MATRIX: Read in the stiffness or mass matrix for a linear user element.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define the matrix:
      • 13.7 * MATRIX ASSEMBLE: Define stiffness or mass matrices for a part of the model.
        • At least one of the following parameters is required:
      • 13.8 * MATRIX INPUT: Read in a matrix for a part of the model.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the matrix in sparse format (only nonzero terms):
      • 13.9 * MEMBRANE SECTION: Specify section properties for membrane elements.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line for a constant thickness membrane:
        • To define a continuously varying thickness membrane:
      • 13.10 * MODAL DAMPING: Specify damping for modal dynamic analysis.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define a fraction of critical damping by specifying mode numbers ( MODAL = DIRECT and DEFINITION = MODE NUMBERS ):
        • Data lines to define Rayleigh damping by specifying mode numbers ( RAYLEIGH and DEFINITION = MODE NUMBERS ):
        • Data lines to define composite modal damping ( MODAL = COMPOSITE ):
        • Data lines to define structural damping by specifying mode numbers ( STRUCTURAL and DEFINITION = MODE NUMBERS ):
        • Data lines to define a fraction of critical damping by specifying frequency ranges ( MODAL = DIRECT and DEFINITION = FREQUENCY RANGE ):
        • Data lines to define Rayleigh damping by specifying frequency ranges ( RAYLEIGH and DEFINITION = FREQUENCY RANGE ):
        • Data lines to define structural damping by specifying frequency ranges ( STRUCTURAL and DEFINITION = FREQUENCY RANGE ):
      • 13.11 * MODAL DYNAMIC: Dynamic time history analysis using modal superposition.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line for a transient modal dynamic analysis:
      • 13.12 * MODAL FILE: Write generalized coordinate (modal amplitude) data or eigendata to the results file during a mode-based dynamic or eige
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request modal output in the results file during mode-based dynamic procedures:
        • To write eigendata during an eigenvalue extraction procedure:
      • 13.13 * MODAL OUTPUT: Write generalized coordinate (modal amplitude) data to the output database during a mode-based dynamic or complex eige
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request modal output:
      • 13.14 * MODAL PRINT: Print generalized coordinate (modal amplitude) data during a mode-based dynamic procedure.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request modal output in the data file:
      • 13.15 * MODEL CHANGE: Remove or reactivate elements and contact pairs.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to remove/reactivate elements ( TYPE = ELEMENT ):
        • Data lines to remove/reactivate contact pairs ( TYPE = CONTACT PAIR ):
        • No data lines are used with this option when the ACTIVATE parameter is included.
      • 13.16 * MOHR COULOMB: Specify the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define a Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model:
      • 13.17 * MOHR COULOMB HARDENING: Specify hardening for the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define Mohr-Coulomb hardening:
      • 13.18 * MOISTURE SWELLING: Define moisture-driven swelling.
        • Data lines to define moisture-driven swelling:
      • 13.19 * MOLECULAR WEIGHT: Define the molecular weight of an ideal gas species.
        • Data line to define the molecular weight:
      • 13.20 * MONITOR: Define a degree of freedom to monitor.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
      • 13.21 * MOTION: Specify motions as a predefined field.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define translational motion ( TRANSLATION ):
        • Data lines to define rotational motion ( ROTATION ):
        • Data lines to define motion in user subroutine UMOTION ( USER ):
      • 13.22 * MPC: Define multi-point constraints.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define multi-point constraints:
      • 13.23 * MULLINS EFFECT: Specify Mullins effect material parameters for elastomers.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • To define the material behavior by giving test data:
        • Data lines to define the material constants if both the TEST DATA INPUT and USER parameters are omitted:
        • Data lines to define the material properties if the USER parameter is specified:
      • 13.24 * M1: Define the first bending moment behavior of beams.
        • Optional parameters (if neither ELASTIC nor LINEAR is included, elastic-plastic response is assumed):
        • Data lines if the LINEAR parameter is included:
        • Data lines if the LINEAR parameter is omitted:
      • 13.25 * M2: Define the second bending moment behavior of beams.
        • Optional parameters (if neither ELASTIC nor LINEAR is included, elastic-plastic response is assumed):
        • Data lines if the LINEAR parameter is included:
        • Data lines if the LINEAR parameter is omitted:
    • 14. N
      • 14.1 * NCOPY: Create nodes by copying.
        • Required parameters:
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines if the SHIFT parameter is included:
        • Data line if REFLECT = LINE:
        • Data lines if REFLECT = MIRROR:
        • Data line if REFLECT = POINT:
        • Data line if the POLE parameter is included:
      • 14.2 * NFILL: Fill in nodes in a region.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to fill in nodes between two bounds:
      • 14.3 * NGEN: Generate incremental nodes.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to generate nodes incrementally:
      • 14.4 * NMAP: Map nodes from one coordinate system to another.
        • Required parameters:
        • Data lines for TYPE = RECTANGULAR, CYLINDRICAL, DIAMOND, SPHERICAL, or TOROIDAL:
        • Data lines for TYPE = BLENDED:
      • 14.5 * NO COMPRESSION: Introduce a compressive failure theory (tension only materials).
      • 14.6 * NO TENSION: Introduce a tension failure theory (compression only material).
      • 14.7 * NODAL THICKNESS: Define shell or membrane thickness at nodes.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines when the GENERATE parameter is omitted:
        • Data lines when the GENERATE parameter is included:
      • 14.8 * NODE: Specify nodal coordinates.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the node:
      • 14.9 * NODE FILE: Define results file requests for nodal data.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to request nodal output in the results or selected results file:
      • 14.10 * NODE OUTPUT: Define output database requests for nodal data.
        • One of the following mutually exclusive parameters is required when the * NODE OUTPUT option is used in conjunction with the * OUTPUT, HISTO
        • Optional parameters when the * NODE OUTPUT option is used in conjunction with the * OUTPUT, FIELD option:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request nodal output:
      • 14.11 * NODE PRINT: Define print requests for nodal variables.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to request nodal output in the data file:
      • 14.12 * NODE RESPONSE: Define nodal responses for design sensitivity analysis.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request nodal sensitivity output:
      • 14.13 * NONSTRUCTURAL MASS: Specify mass contribution to the model from nonstructural features.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line for UNITS = TOTAL MASS:
        • Data line for UNITS = MASS PER VOLUME:
        • Data line for UNITS = MASS PER AREA:
        • Data line for UNITS = MASS PER LENGTH:
      • 14.14 * NORMAL: Specify a particular normal direction.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define normals for elements ( TYPE = ELEMENT ):
        • Data lines to define normals for contact surfaces ( TYPE = CONTACT SURFACE ):
      • 14.15 * NSET: Assign nodes to a node set.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is omitted:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is included:
        • There are no data lines when the ELSET parameter is specified.
    • 15. O
      • 15.1 * ORIENTATION: Define a local axis system for material or element property definition, for kinematic coupling constraints, for free dir
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define an orientation using DEFINITION = COORDINATES:
        • Data lines to define an orientation using DEFINITION = NODES:
        • Data lines to define an orientation using DEFINITION = OFFSET TO NODES:
        • To define an orientation using a user subroutine ( SYSTEM = USER ):
      • 15.2 * ORNL: Specify constitutive model developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
        • Optional parameters:
      • 15.3 * OUTPUT: Define output requests to the output database.
        • Using * OUTPUT in an ABAQUS/Standard analysis
          • One of the following mutually exclusive parameters is required:
          • Optional parameters:
          • The following parameters are optional and valid only if the FIELD or HISTORY parameter is included:
          • Data lines to list desired eigenmodes if the MODE LIST parameter is included:
        • Using * OUTPUT in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysis
          • One of the following mutually exclusive parameters is required:
          • The following parameters are optional and valid only if the FIELD parameter is included:
          • The following parameters are optional and valid only if the HISTORY parameter is included:
          • The following parameters are optional and valid only if the FIELD or HISTORY parameter is included:
    • 16. P, Q
      • 16.1 * PARAMETER: Define parameters for input parametrization.
        • Optional keyword parameters to define tabularly dependent parameters (if any are specified, they must all be specified):
        • Data lines to define independent or expressionally dependent parameters if the DEPENDENT, INDEPENDENT, and TABLE keyword parameters are omit
      • 16.2 * PARAMETER DEPENDENCE: Define dependence table for tabularly dependent parameters.
        • Required parameters:
        • Data lines to define the parameter dependence table:
      • 16.3 * PARAMETER SHAPE VARIATION: Define parametric shape variations.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters (mutually exclusive-if neither parameter is specified, ABAQUS assumes that the shape variation data will be entered dire
        • Required parameter if the FILE parameter is used:
        • Optional parameters if the FILE parameter is used:
        • Optional parameter if the FILE parameter is omitted:
        • Data lines to define the shape variation if the FILE and INPUT parameters are omitted:
      • 16.4 * PART: Begin a part definition.
        • Required parameter:
      • 16.5 * PERIODIC: Define periodic symmetry for a cavity radiation heat transfer analysis.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define periodic symmetry of a two-dimensional cavity ( TYPE = 2D ):
        • Data lines to define periodic symmetry of a three-dimensional cavity ( TYPE = 3D ):
        • Data line to define periodic symmetry of an axisymmetric cavity ( TYPE = ZDIR ):
      • 16.6 * PERMEABILITY: Define permeability for pore fluid flow.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Required parameter when fully saturated material properties are defined:
        • Data lines to define fully saturated isotropic permeability ( TYPE = ISOTROPIC ):
        • Data lines to define fully saturated orthotropic permeability ( TYPE = ORTHOTROPIC ):
        • Data lines to define fully saturated anisotropic permeability ( TYPE = ANISOTROPIC ):
        • Data lines to define the dependence of permeability on saturation of the wetting liquid, k s (s) ( TYPE = SATURATION ):
        • Data lines to define the velocity coefficient, β (e) ( TYPE = VELOCITY ):
      • 16.7 * PHYSICAL CONSTANTS: Specify physical constants.
        • Optional parameters:
      • 16.8 * PIEZOELECTRIC: Specify piezoelectric material properties.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the piezoelectric stress coefficient matrix ( TYPE = S ):
        • Data lines to define the piezoelectric strain coefficient matrix ( TYPE = E; for the shear components these coefficients relate the engineer
      • 16.9 * PIPE-SOIL INTERACTION: Specify element properties for pipe-soil interaction elements.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
      • 16.10 * PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESS: Define constitutive behavior for pipe-soil interaction elements.
        • Optional parameters:
        • The following optional parameters can be used only in combination with TYPE = USER:
        • Data lines to define linear constitutive behavior ( TYPE = LINEAR ):
        • Data lines to define nonlinear constitutive behavior ( TYPE = NONLINEAR ):
        • Data lines to define constitutive behavior using the ASCE formula for sand in the axial direction ( TYPE = SAND, DIRECTION = AXIAL ):
        • Data lines to define constitutive behavior using the ASCE formula for clay in the axial direction ( TYPE = CLAY, DIRECTION = AXIAL ):
        • Data lines to define constitutive behavior using the ASCE formula for sand in the vertical direction ( TYPE = SAND, DIRECTION = VERTICAL ):
        • Data lines to define constitutive behavior using the ASCE formula for clay in the vertical direction ( TYPE = CLAY, DIRECTION = VERTICAL ):
        • Data lines to define constitutive behavior using the ASCE formula for sand in the horizontal direction ( TYPE = SAND, DIRECTION = HORIZONTAL
        • Data lines to define constitutive behavior using the ASCE formula for clay in the horizontal direction ( TYPE = CLAY, DIRECTION = HORIZONTAL
        • Data lines if the constitutive behavior is defined in user subroutine UMAT ( TYPE = USER ):
      • 16.11 * PLANAR TEST DATA: Used to provide planar test (or pure shear) data (compression and/or tension).
        • Using planar test data to define a hyperelastic material
          • Optional parameter:
          • Optional parameter when the * PLANAR TEST DATA option is used in conjunction with the * HYPERELASTIC, MARLOW option:
          • Data lines to specify planar test data for hyperelasticity other than the Marlow model:
          • Data lines to specify planar test data for the Marlow model:
        • Using planar test data to define an elastomeric foam
          • Data lines to specify planar test data for a hyperfoam:
        • Using planar test data to define the Mullins effect material model
          • Data lines to specify planar test data for defining the unloading-reloading response of the Mullins effect material model:
      • 16.12 * PLASTIC: Specify a metal plasticity model.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Optional parameter for use with HARDENING = ISOTROPIC or HARDENING = COMBINED:
        • Optional parameter for use with HARDENING = ISOTROPIC:
        • Optional parameter for use with HARDENING = COMBINED:
        • Optional parameter for use with HARDENING = USER:
        • Data lines for HARDENING = ISOTROPIC or HARDENING = COMBINED with DATA TYPE = HALF CYCLE:
        • Data lines for HARDENING = COMBINED with DATA TYPE = STABILIZED:
        • Data lines for HARDENING = COMBINED with DATA TYPE = PARAMETERS:
        • Data lines for HARDENING = KINEMATIC:
        • Data line for HARDENING = JOHNSON COOK:
        • Data lines for HARDENING = USER with PROPERTIES:
      • 16.13 * PLASTIC AXIAL: Define plastic axial force for frame elements.
        • Data lines to define the variation of axial yield force with plastic displacement:
      • 16.14 * PLASTIC M1: Define the first plastic bending moment behavior for frame elements.
        • Data lines to define the variation of yield moment M 1 0 with plastic rotation:
      • 16.15 * PLASTIC M2: Define the second plastic bending moment behavior for frame elements.
        • Data lines to define the variation of yield moment M 2 0 with plastic rotation:
      • 16.16 * PLASTIC TORQUE: Define the plastic torsional moment behavior for frame elements.
        • Data lines to define the variation of torsional yield moment with plastic rotation:
      • 16.17 * POROUS BULK MODULI: Define bulk moduli for soils and rocks.
        • Data lines to define bulk moduli:
      • 16.18 * POROUS ELASTIC: Specify elastic material properties for porous materials.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the deviatoric behavior with a constant shear modulus G:
        • Data lines to define the instantaneous shear modulus from the bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio:
      • 16.19 * POROUS FAILURE CRITERIA: Define porous material failure criteria for a * POROUS METAL PLASTICITY model.
        • Data line to define material failure criteria:
      • 16.20 * POROUS METAL PLASTICITY: Specify a porous metal plasticity model.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define porous metal plasticity:
      • 16.21 * POST OUTPUT: Postprocess for output from the restart file.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request output from specified increments if the ITERATION is omitted:
        • To recover additional output from a previous direct cyclic analysis when the ITERATION parameter is included:
      • 16.22 * POTENTIAL: Define an anisotropic yield/creep model.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines used to define stress ratios:
      • 16.23 * PREPRINT: Select printout for the analysis input file processor.
        • Optional parameters:
      • 16.24 * PRESSURE PENETRATION: Specify pressure penetration loads with surface-based contact.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the pressure penetration loads:
      • 16.25 * PRESSURE STRESS: Specify equivalent pressure stress as a predefined field for a mass diffusion analysis.
        • Optional parameters for using the data line format:
        • Required parameter for reading equivalent pressure stresses from the results file:
        • Optional parameters for reading equivalent pressure stresses from the results file:
        • Required parameter for defining data in user subroutine UPRESS:
        • Data lines to define pressures using the data line format:
        • To read pressures from an ABAQUS/Standard results file ( FILE ):
        • Data lines to define equivalent pressure stresses using user subroutine UPRESS:
      • 16.26 * PRESTRESS HOLD: Keep rebar prestress constant during initial equilibrium solution.
        • Data line to hold the prestress constant:
      • 16.27 * PRE-TENSION SECTION: Associate a pre-tension node with a pre-tension section.
        • Required parameter:
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Data line to define the normal to the section (optional):
      • 16.28 * PRINT: Request or suppress output to the message file in an ABAQUS/Standard analysis or to the status file in an ABAQUS/Explicit ana
        • Optional parameters in ABAQUS/Standard analyses:
        • Optional parameters in ABAQUS/Explicit analyses:
      • 16.29 * PSD-DEFINITION: Define a cross-spectral density frequency function for random response loading.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines for TYPE = BASE or TYPE = FORCE:
        • Data lines for TYPE = DB:
        • To define the frequency function by a user subroutine ( USER parameter included):
    • 17. R
      • 17.1 * RADIATE: Specify radiation conditions in heat transfer analyses.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define radiation conditions:
      • 17.2 * RADIATION FILE: Define results file requests for cavity radiation heat transfer.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters (if not specified, output will be provided for all cavities in the model):
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request results file output:
      • 17.3 * RADIATION OUTPUT: Define output database requests for cavity radiation variables.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters (if not specified, output will be provided for all cavities in the model):
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to request cavity radiation output:
      • 17.4 * RADIATION PRINT: Define print requests for cavity radiation heat transfer.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters (if not specified, output will be provided for all cavities in the model):
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to request printed output:
      • 17.5 * RADIATION SYMMETRY: Define cavity symmetries for radiation heat transfer analysis.
        • Required parameter:
      • 17.6 * RADIATION VIEWFACTOR: Control cavity radiation and viewfactor calculations.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional parameters (for use with the * MOTION option):
        • Data lines to define blocking surfaces ( BLOCKING = PARTIAL ):
        • There are no data lines associated with this option if BLOCKING = PARTIAL is not specified.
      • 17.7 * RANDOM RESPONSE: Calculate response to random loading.
        • Data lines for a random response analysis:
      • 17.8 * RATE DEPENDENT: Define a rate-dependent viscoplastic model.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the overstress power law parameters ( TYPE = POWER LAW ):
        • Data line to define the Johnson-Cook rate parameters ( TYPE = JOHNSON COOK ):
        • Data lines to define yield stress ratios ( TYPE = YIELD RATIO ):
      • 17.9 * RATIOS: Define anisotropic swelling.
        • Optional parameter when the * RATIOS option is used with the * SWELLING option:
        • Data lines to define anisotropic swelling ratios:
      • 17.10 * REBAR: Define rebar as an element property.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define rebar in beam elements:
        • Data lines to define isoparametric rebar in three-dimensional shell elements:
        • Data lines to define isoparametric rebar in three-dimensional membrane elements:
        • Data lines to define skew rebar in three-dimensional shell elements:
        • Data lines to define skew rebar in three-dimensional membrane elements:
        • Data lines to define rebar in axisymmetric shell elements:
        • Data lines to define rebar in axisymmetric membrane elements:
        • Data lines to define a layer of uniformly spaced rebar in continuum elements ( SINGLE parameter omitted) when the layer is parallel to two i
        • Data lines to define a layer of uniformly spaced rebar in continuum elements ( SINGLE parameter omitted) when the layer is parallel to only
        • Data lines to define a single rebar in continuum elements ( SINGLE parameter included):
      • 17.11 * REBAR LAYER: Define layers of reinforcement in membrane, shell, surface, and continuum elements.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define rebar layers:
      • 17.12 * REFLECTION: Define reflection symmetries for a cavity radiation heat transfer analysis.
        • Required parameter:
        • Data line to define reflection of a two-dimensional cavity ( TYPE = LINE ):
        • Data lines to define reflection of a three-dimensional cavity ( TYPE = PLANE ):
        • Data line to define reflection of an axisymmetric cavity ( TYPE = ZCONST ):
      • 17.13 * RELEASE: Release rotational degrees of freedom at one or both ends of a beam element.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to prescribe the released degrees of freedom:
      • 17.14 * RESPONSE SPECTRUM: Calculate the response based on user-supplied response spectra.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines for a response spectrum analysis:
      • 17.15 * RESTART: Save and reuse data and analysis results.
        • Using * RESTART in an ABAQUS/Standard analysis
          • At least one of the following parameters is required:
          • Optional parameters if the READ parameter is used:
          • Optional parameters if the WRITE parameter is used:
        • Using * RESTART in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysis
          • At least one of the following parameters is required:
          • Required parameter if the READ parameter is used:
          • Optional parameters if the READ parameter is used:
          • Optional parameters if the WRITE parameter is used:
      • 17.16 * RETAINED EIGENMODES: Select the modes to be retained in a substructure generation analysis.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is omitted:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is included:
      • 17.17 * RETAINED NODAL DOFS: Specify the degrees of freedom that are to be retained as external to a substructure.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define the retained degrees of freedom:
      • 17.18 * RIGID BODY: Define a set of elements as a rigid body and define rigid element properties.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional parameters (use only when the element set specified contains rigid elements):
        • There are no data lines associated with this option in an ABAQUS/Standard analysis.
        • Data line for R2D2, RB2D2, and RB3D2 elements in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysis:
        • Data line for RAX2, R3D3, and R3D4 elements in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysis:
      • 17.19 * RIGID SURFACE: Define an analytical rigid surface.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • No data lines are needed for TYPE = USER .
        • Data lines to define surfaces created with TYPE = SEGMENTS:
        • Data lines to define surfaces created with TYPE = CYLINDER:
        • Data lines to define surfaces created with TYPE = REVOLUTION:
        • Data lines that define the line segments that form the rigid surface for TYPE = SEGMENTS, TYPE = CYLINDER, and TYPE = REVOLUTION:
      • 17.20 * ROTARY INERTIA: Define rigid body rotary inertia.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define the rotary inertia:
    • 18. S
      • 18.1 * SECTION CONTROLS: Specify section controls.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define the hourglass control and bulk viscosity:
      • 18.2 * SECTION FILE: Define results file requests of accumulated quantities on user-defined surface sections.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional data lines:
      • 18.3 * SECTION ORIGIN: Define a meshed cross-section origin.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define the location of the beam node if the ORIGIN parameter is omitted:
      • 18.4 * SECTION POINTS: Locate points in the beam section for which stress and strain output are required.
        • Data lines to locate section points for output when used in conjunction with the * BEAM GENERAL SECTION option and a predefined library sect
        • Data lines to locate elements and integration point numbers for meshed sections when used in conjunction with the * BEAM GENERAL SECTION, SE
        • Data lines to locate elements and integration point numbers in the cross-section model when used in conjunction with the * BEAM SECTION GENE
      • 18.5 * SECTION PRINT: Define print requests of accumulated quantities on user-defined surface sections.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional data lines:
      • 18.6 * SELECT CYCLIC SYMMETRY MODES: Specify the cyclic symmetry modes in an eigenvalue analysis of a cyclic symmetric structure.
        • Optional parameters:
      • 18.7 * SELECT EIGENMODES: Select the modes to be used in a modal dynamic analysis.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is omitted and DEFINITION = MODE NUMBERS:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is omitted and DEFINITION = FREQUENCY RANGE:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is included:
      • 18.8 * SFILM: Define film coefficients and associated sink temperatures over a surface for heat transfer analysis.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define sink temperatures and film coefficients:
      • 18.9 * SFLOW: Define seepage coefficients and associated sink pore pressures normal to a surface.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define uniform seepage:
        • Data lines to define drainage-only seepage:
        • Data lines to define nonuniform seepage:
      • 18.10 * SHEAR CENTER: Define the position of the shear center of a beam section.
        • Data line to define the shear center:
      • 18.11 * SHEAR FAILURE: Specify a shear failure model and criterion.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the failure strain in tabular form ( TYPE = TABULAR ):
        • Data line to define the Johnson-Cook shear failure criterion ( TYPE = JOHNSON COOK ):
      • 18.12 * SHEAR RETENTION: Define the reduction of the shear modulus associated with crack surfaces in a * CONCRETE model as a function of the
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define the shear retention behavior:
      • 18.13 * SHEAR TEST DATA: Used to provide shear test data.
        • Using shear test data to define a viscoelastic material
          • Optional parameter:
          • Data lines to specify creep test data:
          • Data lines to specify relaxation test data:
      • 18.14 * SHELL GENERAL SECTION: Define a general, arbitrary, elastic shell section.
        • Required parameter:
        • Required parameter in ABAQUS/Explicit, optional parameter in ABAQUS/Standard:
        • Optional parameters:
        • The following parameters are optional, mutually exclusive, and used only if the section is not defined by its general stiffness on the data
        • The following optional parameter can be used only in combination with the MATERIAL, the COMPOSITE, or the USER parameter:
        • The following optional parameters can be used only in combination with the USER parameter:
        • Optional parameter for use when the MATERIAL, the COMPOSITE, and the USER parameters are omitted:
        • Data line if the MATERIAL parameter is included:
        • Data lines if the COMPOSITE parameter is included:
        • Data lines to define the shell section if the MATERIAL, the COMPOSITE, and the USER parameters are omitted:
        • Data lines if the USER parameter is included:
      • 18.15 * SHELL SECTION: Specify a shell cross-section.
        • Required parameter:
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define a homogeneous shell (the MATERIAL parameter is included):
        • Data lines to define a composite shell (the COMPOSITE parameter is included):
      • 18.16 * SHELL TO SOLID COUPLING: Define a surface-based coupling between a shell edge and a solid face.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the surfaces forming the coupling definitions:
      • 18.17 * SIMPEDANCE: Define impedances of acoustic surfaces.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define an impedance for PROPERTY, NONREFLECTING = PLANAR, or NONREFLECTING = IMPROVED:
        • Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING = CIRCULAR or NONREFLECTING = SPHERICAL:
        • Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING = ELLIPTICAL or NONREFLECTING = PROLATE SPHEROIDAL:
      • 18.18 * SIMPLE SHEAR TEST DATA: Used to provide simple shear test data.
        • Data lines to specify simple shear test data for a hyperfoam:
      • 18.19 * SLIDE LINE: Specify slide line surfaces on which deformable structures may interact.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is omitted:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is included:
      • 18.20 * SLOAD: Apply loads to a substructure.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the loading:
      • 18.21 * SOILS: Effective stress analysis for fluid-filled porous media.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define incrementation for a soils analysis:
      • 18.22 * SOLID SECTION: Specify element properties for solid, infinite, acoustic, and truss elements.
        • Required parameters:
        • Required parameter for anisotropic materials optional parameter for isotropic materials:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define homogeneous solid elements, infinite elements, acoustic elements, or truss elements:
        • Data lines to define a composite solid:
      • 18.23 * SOLUBILITY: Specify solubility.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define solubility:
      • 18.24 * SOLUTION TECHNIQUE: Specify alternative solution methods.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line for TYPE = CONTACT ITERATIONS:
      • 18.25 * SOLVER CONTROLS: Specify controls for the iterative linear solver.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define control parameters:
      • 18.26 * SORPTION: Define absorption and exsorption behavior.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines for TYPE = ABSORPTION or TYPE = EXSORPTION and LAW = TABULAR:
        • Data line for TYPE = ABSORPTION or TYPE = EXSORPTION and LAW = LOG:
        • Data line for TYPE = SCANNING:
      • 18.27 * SPECIFIC HEAT: Define specific heat.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to specify a material's specific heat:
      • 18.28 * SPECTRUM: Define a response spectrum.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Date lines to define a spectrum:
      • 18.29 * SPRING: Define spring behavior.
        • Required parameter if the behavior of spring elements is being defined:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define linear spring behavior for SPRINGA or ITS elements:
        • Data lines to define nonlinear spring behavior for SPRINGA or ITS elements:
        • Data lines to define linear spring behavior for SPRING1, SPRING2, or JOINTC elements:
        • Data lines to define nonlinear spring behavior for SPRING1, SPRING2, or JOINTC elements:
      • 18.30 * SRADIATE: Specify surface radiation conditions in heat transfer analysis.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define surface radiation conditions:
      • 18.31 * STATIC: Static stress/displacement analysis.
        • No parameters or data lines are used in a linear perturbation analysis.
        • Optional parameters for a general static analysis:
        • Data line for a general static analysis:
        • Data line for the Riks method:
      • 18.32 * STEADY STATE CRITERIA: Specify steady-state criteria for terminating a quasi-static uni-directional simulation.
        • Data lines to define steady-state detection norms SSPEEQ and SSSPRD:
        • Data lines to define steady-state detection norms SSFORC and SSTORQ:
      • 18.33 * STEADY STATE DETECTION: Specify steady-state requirements for terminating a quasi-static uni-directional simulation.
        • Required parameters:
        • Data line to define primary direction and cutting plane position:
      • 18.34 * STEADY STATE DYNAMICS: Steady-state dynamic response based on harmonic excitation.
        • Optional and mutually exclusive parameters (used only if the dynamic response is not based on modal superposition):
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional parameters for SUBSPACE PROJECTION = PROPERTY CHANGE:
        • Data lines for a steady-state dynamics analysis:
      • 18.35 * STEADY STATE TRANSPORT: Steady-state transport analysis.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line to define a steady-state transport analysis:
      • 18.36 * STEP: Begin a step.
        • Beginning a step in an ABAQUS/Standard analysis
          • Optional parameters:
          • Optional data lines:
        • Beginning a step in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysis
          • Optional parameter:
          • Optional data lines:
      • 18.37 * SUBMODEL: Specify driven boundary nodes in submodeling analysis.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Required parameter for SHELL TO SOLID submodeling:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the driven boundary for general and shell-to-solid submodeling:
        • Data lines to define the driven boundary for acoustic-to-structure submodeling:
      • 18.38 * SUBSTRUCTURE COPY: Copy a substructure definition.
        • Required parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
      • 18.39 * SUBSTRUCTURE DELETE: Remove a substructure from the substructure library.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
      • 18.40 * SUBSTRUCTURE DIRECTORY: List information about the substructures on a substructure library.
        • Required parameter:
      • 18.41 * SUBSTRUCTURE GENERATE: Substructure generation analysis.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
      • 18.42 * SUBSTRUCTURE LOAD CASE: Begin the definition of a substructure load case.
        • Required parameter:
        • To define the loads or boundary conditions:
      • 18.43 * SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT: Write a substructure's recovery matrix, reduced stiffness matrix, mass matrix, load case vectors, and gr
        • Optional parameters:
      • 18.44 * SUBSTRUCTURE PATH: Enter into a substructure to obtain output or return back from a previously entered substructure.
        • At least one of the following parameters is required:
      • 18.45 * SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTY: Translate, rotate, and/or reflect substructures.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to translate a substructure:
        • Data lines to translate and/or rotate a substructure:
        • Data lines to translate and/or reflect a substructure:
        • Data lines to translate, rotate, and reflect a substructure:
      • 18.46 * SURFACE: Define a surface or region in a model.
        • Required parameter:
        • Required parameter for cavity radiation simulations:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Additional optional parameters used for contact pair analyses in ABAQUS/Explicit:
        • Data lines for COMBINE = UNION:
        • Data line for COMBINE = INTERSECTION or COMBINE = DIFFERENCE:
        • Data lines to define a surface when the CROP parameter is included:
        • Data lines to define a surface using elements or element sets when the TYPE = ELEMENT parameter is used:
        • Data lines to define a surface using nodes or node sets when the TYPE = NODE parameter is used:
        • Data lines to define a surface using a plane cutting through the given element sets when the TYPE = CUTTING SURFACE parameter is used:
        • No data lines are needed for TYPE = USER .
        • Data lines to define surfaces created with TYPE = SEGMENTS:
        • Data lines to define surfaces created with TYPE = CYLINDER:
        • Data lines to define surfaces created with TYPE = REVOLUTION:
        • Data lines that define the line segments that form the analytical surface for TYPE = SEGMENTS, TYPE = CYLINDER, and TYPE = REVOLUTION:
      • 18.47 * SURFACE BEHAVIOR: Define alternative pressure-overclosure relationships for contact.
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional data line for AUGMENTED LAGRANGE and PENALTY:
        • Data line for PRESSURE-OVERCLOSURE = EXPONENTIAL:
        • Data line for PRESSURE-OVERCLOSURE = LINEAR:
        • Data line for PRESSURE-OVERCLOSURE = SCALE FACTOR:
        • Data lines for PRESSURE-OVERCLOSURE = TABULAR:
      • 18.48 * SURFACE FLAW: Define geometry of surface flaws.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define the flaw:
      • 18.49 * SURFACE INTERACTION: Define surface interaction properties.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional parameters if the USER parameter is used:
        • Optional data line for two-dimensional models in ABAQUS/Standard or for contact pairs involving node-based surfaces in ABAQUS/Standard, if t
        • Data lines to define the surface interaction in an ABAQUS/Standard analysis if the USER parameter is used:
        • Data lines to define the surface interaction in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysis if the PROPERTIES parameter is used:
      • 18.50 * SURFACE PROPERTY: Define surface properties for cavity radiation.
        • Required parameter:
      • 18.51 * SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT: Assign surface properties to a surface for the general contact algorithm.
        • Required parameter:
        • Data lines for PROPERTY = FEATURE EDGE CRITERIA:
        • Data lines for PROPERTY = OFFSET FRACTION:
        • Data lines for PROPERTY = THICKNESS:
      • 18.52 * SURFACE SECTION: Specify section properties for surface elements.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
      • 18.53 * SWELLING: Specify time-dependent volumetric swelling.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines for LAW = INPUT:
      • 18.54 * SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION: Create a three-dimensional model from an axisymmetric or partial three-dimensional model.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines if each generated sector in the periodic model has a constant angle ( PERIODIC = CONSTANT ):
        • Data lines if each generated sector in the periodic model has a variable angle ( PERIODIC = VARIABLE ):
        • Data line if REFLECT = LINE:
        • Data lines if REFLECT = PLANE:
        • Data lines if the REVOLVE parameter is included:
      • 18.55 * SYMMETRIC RESULTS TRANSFER: Import results from an axisymmetric or partial three-dimensional analysis.
        • Optional parameters:
      • 18.56 * SYSTEM: Specify a local coordinate system in which to define nodes.
        • Data lines to define a local coordinate system:
    • 19. T
      • 19.1 * TEMPERATURE: Specify temperature as a predefined field.
        • Optional parameters for using the data line format:
        • Required parameter for reading temperatures from the results or output database file:
        • Optional parameters for reading temperatures from the results or output database file:
        • Required parameter for defining data in user subroutine UTEMP:
        • Data lines to define gradients of temperature in beams and shells:
        • Data lines to define temperatures at temperature points in beams and shells:
        • Data lines to define temperatures for solid or frame elements using the data line format:
        • To read temperatures from an ABAQUS results or output database file:
        • Data lines to define temperatures using user subroutine UTEMP:
      • 19.2 * TENSILE FAILURE: Specify a tensile failure model and criterion.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Required parameters for use with ELEMENT DELETION = NO:
        • Data lines to specify a tensile failure model:
      • 19.3 * TENSION STIFFENING: Define the retained tensile stress normal to a crack in a * CONCRETE model.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines if the parameter TYPE = STRAIN is included (default):
        • Data lines if the parameter TYPE = DISPLACEMENT is included:
      • 19.4 * THERMAL EXPANSION: Define the thermal expansion behavior of beams.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define the thermal expansion behavior:
      • 19.5 * TIE: Define surface-based tie and cyclic symmetry constraints or coupled acoustic-structural interactions.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define the surfaces forming the constraint pairs:
      • 19.6 * TIME POINTS: Specify time points at which data are written to the output database or restart files, or specify time points in the loa
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is omitted:
        • Data lines if the GENERATE parameter is included:
      • 19.7 * TORQUE: Define the torsional behavior of beams.
        • Optional parameters (if neither ELASTIC nor LINEAR is included, elastic-plastic response is assumed):
        • Data lines if the LINEAR parameter is included:
        • Data lines if the LINEAR parameter is omitted:
      • 19.8 * TORQUE PRINT: Print a summary of the total torque that can be transmitted across axisymmetric slide lines.
        • Optional parameter:
      • 19.9 * TRACER PARTICLE: Define tracer particles for tracking the location of and results at material points during a step.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define the tracer particles associated with the tracer set:
      • 19.10 * TRANSFORM: Specify a local coordinate system at nodes.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define a transformed coordinate system:
      • 19.11 * TRANSPORT VELOCITY: Specify angular transport velocity.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define rotational motion:
      • 19.12 * TRANSVERSE SHEAR STIFFNESS: Define transverse shear stiffness for beams and shells.
        • Data line when used with cohesive sections, shell sections, and * BEAM GENERAL SECTION, SECTION = MESHED:
        • Data line when used with all other beam sections:
      • 19.13 * TRIAXIAL TEST DATA: Provide triaxial test data.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to specify triaxial test data:
      • 19.14 * TRS: Used to define temperature-time shift for time history viscoelastic analysis.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data line to define the shift function by the Williams-Landell-Ferry approximation:
        • To define a shift function not approximated by the WLF function:
    • 20. U
      • 20.1 * UEL PROPERTY: Define property values to be used with a user element type.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters (relevant only for direct-integration dynamic analysis with linear user elements):
        • To define the properties of linear user elements:
        • Data lines to define the properties of nonlinear user elements if the PROPERTIES and/or I PROPERTIES parameters are used on the * USER ELEME
      • 20.2 * UNDEX CHARGE PROPERTY: Define an UNDEX charge for incident waves.
        • Data lines to define the UNDEX charge:
      • 20.3 * UNIAXIAL TEST DATA: Used to provide uniaxial test data (compression and/or tension).
        • Using uniaxial test data to define a hyperelastic material
          • Optional parameter:
          • Optional parameter when the * UNIAXIAL TEST DATA option is used in conjunction with the * HYPERELASTIC, MARLOW option:
          • Data lines to specify uniaxial test data for hyperelasticity other than the Marlow model:
          • Data lines to specify uniaxial test data for the Marlow model:
        • Using uniaxial test data to define an elastomeric foam
          • Data lines to specify uniaxial test data for a hyperfoam:
        • Using uniaxial test data to define the Mullins effect material model
          • Data lines to specify uniaxial test data for defining the unloading-reloading response of the Mullins effect material model:
      • 20.4 * USER DEFINED FIELD: Redefine field variables at a material point.
      • 20.5 * USER ELEMENT: Introduce a user-defined element type.
        • Introducing a linear user-defined element
          • Required parameter:
          • Optional parameter:
          • Required parameters if the FILE parameter is included:
          • Required parameters if the FILE parameter is omitted:
          • Optional parameters if the FILE parameter is omitted:
          • Data lines if the FILE parameter is omitted:
        • Introducing a general user-defined element
          • Required parameters:
          • Optional parameters:
          • Data lines to define a general user-defined element:
      • 20.6 * USER MATERIAL: Define material constants for use in subroutine UMAT, UMATHT, or VUMAT .
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines to define material constants:
      • 20.7 * USER OUTPUT VARIABLES: Specify number of user variables.
        • Data line to specify the number of user variables:
    • 21. V
      • 21.1 * VARIABLE MASS SCALING: Specify mass scaling during the step.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters if the DT parameter or the TYPE = ROLLING parameter is used:
        • Required parameters for TYPE = ROLLING:
      • 21.2 * VIEWFACTOR OUTPUT: Write radiation viewfactors to the results file in cavity radiation heat transfer analysis.
        • Required parameter:
        • Optional parameter:
      • 21.3 * VISCO: Transient, static, stress/displacement analysis with time-dependent material response (creep, swelling, and viscoelasticity).
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data line for a transient, quasi-static analysis:
      • 21.4 * VISCOELASTIC: Specify dissipative behavior for use with elasticity.
        • Required, mutually exclusive parameters:
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional parameters when test data are given to define time domain viscoelasticity with TIME = CREEP TEST DATA or TIME = RELAXATION TEST DAT
        • Data line to define continuum material properties for FREQUENCY = FORMULA:
        • Data lines to define continuum material properties for FREQUENCY = TABULAR without the PRELOAD parameter or for TIME =FREQUENCY DATA:
        • Data lines to define continuum material properties for FREQUENCY = TABULAR, PRELOAD = UNIAXIAL:
        • Data lines to define continuum material properties for FREQUENCY = TABULAR, PRELOAD = VOLUMETRIC:
        • Data lines to specify continuum material properties with the Prony series parameters directly using TIME = PRONY or FREQUENCY = PRONY:
        • To specify viscoelastic behavior via test data:
        • Data lines to define effective thickness-direction gasket properties for PRELOAD = UNIAXIAL:
        • Data lines to define effective thickness-direction gasket properties if PRELOAD = UNIAXIAL is not included:
      • 21.5 * VISCOUS: Specify viscous material properties for the two-layer viscoplastic model.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Data lines for LAW = TIME or LAW = STRAIN:
        • Data lines for LAW = USER:
      • 21.6 * VOID NUCLEATION: Define the nucleation of voids in a porous material.
        • Optional parameter:
        • Data lines to define void nucleation:
      • 21.7 * VOLUMETRIC TEST DATA: Provide volumetric test data.
        • Hyperelastic material model
          • Optional parameter:
          • Optional parameter when the * VOLUMETRIC TEST DATA option is used in conjunction with the * HYPERELASTIC, MARLOW option:
          • Data lines to specify volumetric test data for hyperelasticity other than the Marlow model:
          • Data lines to specify volumetric test data for the Marlow model:
        • Hyperfoam material model
          • Data lines to specify volumetric test data for a hyperfoam:
        • Viscoelastic material model
          • Optional parameter:
          • Data lines to specify volumetric creep test data for a viscoelastic material:
          • Data lines to specify volumetric relaxation test data for a viscoelastic material:
    • 22. W, X, Y, Z
      • 22.1 * WAVE: Define gravity waves for use in immersed structure calculations.
        • Optional parameters:
        • Optional parameter for TYPE = AIRY:
        • Required parameter for TYPE = GRIDDED:
        • Optional parameters for TYPE = GRIDDED:
        • Optional parameter for TYPE = USER:
        • Data line to define Stokes fifth-order waves ( TYPE = STOKES ):
        • Data lines to define Airy waves ( TYPE = AIRY ):
        • Data line to define gridded wave data ( TYPE = GRIDDED ):
        • Data line to define frequency versus wave amplitude data for stochastic user wave theory ( TYPE = USER ):
      • 22.2 * WIND: Define wind velocity profile for wind loading.
        • Data line to define the wind velocity profile: