Nikon AF-S DX Micro- NIKKOR 40mm f-2.8G - Manual (Page 17)

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■ Changes to the Effective f-number
With this lens, the higher the reproduction ratio (the shorter
the focus distance), the darker the image that falls on the
image sensor and the higher the effective f-number (see the
figure on page 162). The camera automatically compensates
for this effect when metering exposure or adjusting flash
output using TTL flash control, and shows the adjusted value
for aperture in the control panel and viewfinder displays.
■ Built-in Flash Units
When using the built-in flash on cameras equipped with a
built-in flash unit, shoot at ranges of 0.6 m (2 ft) or more and
remove the lens hood to prevent vignetting (shadows created
where the end of the lens obscures the built-in flash).
■ The Lens Hood
The lens hoods protect the lens and block stray light that
would otherwise cause flare or ghosting.
When attaching or removing the hood, hold it near the
symbol on its base and avoid gripping it too tightly.
Vignetting may occur if the hood is not correctly attached.
The hood can be reversed and mounted on the lens when not
in use. When the hood is reversed, it can be attached and
removed by rotating it while holding it near the lock mark (
—{ ).
Align the lens hood lock mark (— { ) with the
lens hood mounting mark (●) on the lens
(e).