Rainbow Electronics DS3903 - Manual (Page 10)

DS3903
Triple 128-Position Nonvolatile
Digital Potentiometer
10 _____________________________________________________________________
The following bus protocol has been defined:
Data transfer can be initiated only when the bus is not
busy.
During data transfer, the data line must remain stable
whenever the clock line is high. Changes in the data
line while the clock line is high are interpreted as con-
trol signals.
Accordingly, the following bus conditions have been
defined:
Bus Not Busy: Both data and clock lines remain high.
Start Data Transfer: A change in the state of the data
line from high to low while the clock is high defines a
start condition.
Stop Data Transfer: A change in the state of the data
line from low to high while the clock line is high defines
the stop condition.
Data Valid: The state of the data line represents valid
data when, after a start condition, the data line is stable
for the duration of the high period of the clock signal. The
data on the line can be changed during the low period of
the clock signal. There is one clock pulse per bit of data.
Figures 2 and 3 detail how data transfer is accomplished
on the 2-wire bus. Depending upon the state of the R/W
bit, two types of data transfer are possible.
Each data transfer is initiated with a start condition and
terminated with a stop condition. The number of data
bytes transferred between start and stop conditions is
not limited and is determined by the master device. The
information is transferred byte-wise and each receiver
acknowledges with a ninth bit.
Within the bus specifications, a regular mode (100kHz
clock rate) and a fast mode (400kHz clock rate) are
defined. The DS3903 works in both modes.
Acknowledge: Each receiving device, when
addressed, is obliged to generate an acknowledge
after the byte has been received. The master device
must generate an extra clock pulse that is associated
with this acknowledge bit.
A device that acknowledges must pull down the SDA
line during the acknowledge clock pulse in such a way
that the SDA line is a stable low during the high period
of the acknowledge-related clock pulse. Of course,
setup and hold times must be taken into account. A
master must signal an end of data to the slave by not
generating an acknowledge bit on the last byte that has
been clocked out of the slave. In this case, the slave
must leave the data line high to enable the master to
generate the stop condition.
Data transfer from a master transmitter to a slave
receiver. The first byte transmitted by the master is the
command/control byte. Next follows a number of data
bytes. The slave returns an acknowledge bit after each
received byte.
Data transfer from a slave transmitter to a master
receiver. The master transmits the first byte (the com-
mand/control byte) to the slave. The slave then returns
an acknowledge bit. Next follows a number of data
bytes transmitted by the slave to the master. The mas-
ter returns an acknowledge bit after all received bytes
other than the last byte. At the end of the last received
byte, a not acknowledge can be returned.
The master device generates all serial clock pulses and
the start and stop conditions. A transfer is ended with a
stop condition or with a repeated start condition. Since
a repeated start condition is also the beginning of the
next serial transfer, the bus is not released.
The DS3903 can operate in the following three modes:
1) Slave Receiver Mode: Serial data and clock are
received through SDA and SCL, respectively. After
each byte is received, an acknowledge bit is trans-
mitted. Start and stop conditions are recognized as
the beginning and end of a serial transfer. Address
recognition is performed by hardware after the
slave (device) address and direction bit has been
received.
2) Slave Transmitter Mode: The first byte is received
and handled as in the slave receiver mode.
However, in this mode the direction bit indicates
that the transfer direction is reversed. Serial data is
transmitted on SDA by the DS3903 while the serial
clock is input on SCL. Start and stop conditions are
recognized as the beginning and end of a serial
transfer.
3) Slave Address: Command/control byte is the first
byte received following the start condition from the
master device. The command/control byte consists
of a 6-bit control code. For the DS3903, this is set
as 101000 binary for read/write operations. The
next bit of the command/control byte is the device
select bit or slave address (A0). It is used by the
master device to select which of two devices is to
be accessed. When reading or writing the DS3903,
the device-select bits must match the device-select
pin (A0). The last bit of the command/control byte
(R/W) defines the operation to be performed. When
set to a ‘1’, a read operation is selected, and when
set to a ‘0’, a write operation is selected.
Following the start condition, the DS3903 monitors the
SDA bus checking the device type identifier being
transmitted. Upon receiving the 101000 control code,