AVSL Citronic CEQ231 - Manual (Page 4)

4 170.923UK, 170.926UK User Manual
What is Equalization?
Equalization (or EQ) is so called because its primary function is to accurately “equalize” or balance the
frequency profile of a signal for a given application or environment. This is especially noticeable in large
rooms, which can emphasise “boominess” in the low frequencies or rooms with soft furnishings, which can
absorb a lot of the high frequencies. An equalizer can be set to reduce “boomy” low frequencies or replace
lost high frequencies.
At best, human ears can detect sound from 20Hz to 20000Hz (or 20Hz – 20kHz). All natural (and some
unnatural) sounds have many harmonics and overtones across the listening spectrum, giving them varying
tonal characteristics. We often refer to the lowest frequencies as “Bass” and the highest frequencies as
“Treble” but this only describes 2 regions of tone, whereas the listening spectrum could be divided into as
many sections as desired in order to give more accurate measurement and manipulation of the sound
characteristics.
EQ can also be used as a tool to push a signal forward in a mix or set it further back into the mix by boosting
or cutting key mid frequencies, reducing feedback by cutting frequencies which are prone to resonance and
boosting specific frequencies to lift certain instruments in a piece of music.
Connection
The unit can be used in 2 configurations…
1. As 2 independent mono graphic equalizers – e.g. for 2 separate microphones on channel inserts
2. As a stereo left & right EQ – e.g. as a main L+R EQ on master inserts or between the mixer and amp.
Before connecting to an amplifier or other equipment, turn down all volume controls to avoid loud noises
which may cause damage to other equipment. Always switch amplifier power on last in line with volume levels
down. Use good quality 6.3mm jack or XLR signal leads to connect the equalizer to allied equipment. The unit
can be used as 2 independent mono equalizers (e.g. for 2 microphone channels, requiring specific EQ
profiles). Connect mains power via the IEC (ensuring lead is in good condition and the voltage selector is
same as the supply voltage) and switch the POWER on.
Operation
Begin with all frequency sliders and the GAIN controls in the centre position (no boost or cut) at 0dB.
Switch the “IN/OUT” button to IN and the respective LED will light.
Adjust each frequency in turn to acquire the best response and reduce any problem frequencies.
Bear in mind that many loudspeakers cannot reproduce frequencies down as far as 20Hz and that the energy
from the amplifier at these low frequencies is wasted as heat in the speaker coil. Therefore, the “LOW CUT”
may be preferred to be on in sound reinforcement scenarios.
Also, with live PA situations, the crossover point between subs and mid-top cabs can generate phase problems
which may be alleviated by reducing frequencies around this point.
Extremely high frequencies are often not feasible for live sound systems, due to the limitations of microphones
and loudspeakers (and most people’s ears) and 20kHz may be reduced to save wasted amplifier energy at
these high frequencies.
For whichever particular application, experimentation and practice will eventually give the best results from
your equalizer.