Alpha Technologies Industrial Ni-Cd Batteries Standard Range - Manual (Page 4)

4 EN-ALPHA-TMSR-001 (10/09)
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Table of Contents
1. 0 Alpha Ni-Cd Pocket Plate Cell ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Features. ...................................................................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Venting System .....................................................................................................................................................................7
1.3 Electrode frame ....................................................................................................................................................................8
1.4 Separators ...............................................................................................................................................................................8
1.5 Positive and negative electrode plate .........................................................................................................................8
1.6 Distance plate .......................................................................................................................................................................9
1.7 Cell cases .................................................................................................................................................................................9
1.8 Electrolyte ...............................................................................................................................................................................9
2. 0 Battery Range and Applications .......................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Battery ranges .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Applications and choice of cell type ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.0 Electrochemistry of Ni-Cd Batteries .................................................................................................................................. 11
4. 0 Operating Features .................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Capacity .............................................................................................................................................................................. .12
4.2 Cell voltage .......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3 Internal resistance ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.4 Impact of temperature on cell performance and available capacity .............................................................. 13
4.5 Impact of temperature on lifetime .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.6 Short-circuit values .......................................................................................................................................................... 14
4.7 Open circuit loss................................................................................................................................................................. 15
4.8 Cycling .................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
4.9 Water consumption and gas evolution ..................................................................................................................... 16
5.0 Battery Sizing. ............................................................................................................................................ 17
5.1 Voltage window ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
5.2 Load profi le ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 Ambient temperature ...................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.4 Recharge time and state of charge ............................................................................................................................. 17
5.5 Aging ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.6 Floating effect - Voltage depression ........................................................................................................................... 18
6.0 Charging .................................................................................................................................................... 19
6.1 Constant voltage charge ................................................................................................................................................. 19
6.2 Charge acceptance .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3 Charge effi ciency .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
6.4 Temperature infl uence ................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.5 Commissioning .................................................................................................................................................................. 22