IBM Ricoh FB750 - Manual (Page 62)

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ROM
Read Only Memory. Chip memory that cannot be written to, such as the BIOS of a computer or the firmware
of an expansion board.
Rotate
Change the perspective of an image with respect to the original. Rotate will turn the image to one direction or
the other, ¼ turn or even completely upside down.
Saturation
The amount of color or intensity that is in a single hue.
Scanner
Scanners are computer peripherals designed for digitizing images, generally from items that are already
printed in some form. Some advanced scanners are also capable of scanning three-dimensional objects.
To digitize a color image, the scanner measures the color of the original at each pixel location and stores the
information as numerical values representing the amounts of red, green and blue. When digitizing black and
white images (Line Art mode), only a gray value is recorded for each pixel.
The measurements are taken in a grid pattern. How tight the grid pattern is determines the resolution of the
image (dots or pixels per inch). The higher the resolution at which an original is scanned, the more pixels it
will contain in the grid pattern. Since each pixel has information that must be stored, the higher the
resolution, the more storage space required for the image.
There are primarily three types of scanners:
CIS: Contact Image Sensor, translates the image quickly and directly with its built-in sensor.
CCD: Charged Coupled Device, the most common scanning method uses a special light sensitive inte-
grated circuit that is able to capture accurate images quickly.
PMT: PhotoMultiplier Tube, provides the highest quality scans (also, generally the slowest) and is
usually only found in expensive, professional-quality scanners.
The spacing between its light sensing elements determines the fixed optical resolution present in most
scanners. Interpolation increases the optical resolution by interpolating, or filling in image information
derived by mathematical methods.
Scanning
The process of creating a digital image with a scanner. The computer sees any item scanned as a digital
image, no matter if the original is a picture, a document or an object. A scanned image, just as any other
digital image, can be modified in an imaging application. Scanned documents can be converted from a digital
image into editable text (which can be used in a word-processing application) with special software which
includes OCR (optical character recognition).
Scroll
When a window is larger than the available screen display area (such as a large image), you can use the
scrollbars on the right side and/or bottom to move the viewing space.
SECAM
The standard video format of France, Iran, Poland, Russia, and Saudi Arabia.