Glossary, Language code list – Panasonic DMR-ES15M User Manual
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Glossary
Bitstream
This is the digital form of multi-channel audio data (e.g., 5.1 channel)
before it is decoded into its various channels.
CPRM (Content Protection for Recordable Media)
CPRM is technology used to protect broadcasts that are allowed to
be recorded only once. Such broadcasts can be recorded only with
CPRM compatible recorders and discs.
Dolby Digital
This is a method of coding digital signals developed by Dolby
Laboratories. Apart from stereo (2-channel) audio, these signals can
also be multi-channel audio. A large amount of audio information can
be recorded on one disc using this method.
Down-mixing
This is the process of remixing the multi-channel audio found on
some discs into two channels for stereo output. It is useful when you
want to listen to the 5.1-channel audio recorded on DVDs through
your television’s speakers. Some discs prohibit down-mixing and this
unit can then only output the front two channels.
DTS (Digital Theater Systems)
This surround system is used in many movie theaters. There is good
separation between the channels, so realistic sound effects are possible.
Dynamic range
Dynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of sound
that can be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highest
level of sound before distortion occurs. Dynamic range compression
means reducing the gap between the loudest and softest sounds.
This means you can listen at low volumes but still hear dialog clearly.
Film and video
DVD-Videos are recorded using either film or video. This unit can
determine which type has been used, then uses the most suitable
method of progressive output.
Film:
Recorded at 24 or 30 frames per second. Generally appropriate for
motion picture films.
Video:
Recorded at 30 frames/60 fields per second. Generally appropriate
for TV drama programs or animation.
Finalize
A process that makes play of a recorded CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, etc.
possible on equipment that can play such media. You can finalize DVD-
R, DVD-R DL, DVD-RW (DVD-Video format), +R or +R DL on this unit.
After finalizing, the disc becomes play-only and you can no longer
record or edit. However, finalized DVD-RW can be formatted to
become recordable.
Formatting
Formatting is the process of making media such as DVD-RAM
recordable on recording equipment.
You can format DVD-RAM, DVD-RW (only as DVD-Video format),
+R, +R DL or +RW on this unit.
When you use a new DVD-RW, +R, +R DL or +RW, it must be
formatted.
Formatting irrevocably deletes all contents.
Frames and fields
Frames refer to the single images that constitute the video you see
on your television. Each frame consists of two fields.
• A frame still shows two fields, so there may be some blurring, but
picture quality is generally better.
• A field still shows less picture information so it may be rougher, but
there is no blurring.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
This is a system used for compressing/decoding color still pictures.
If you select JPEG as the storage system on digital cameras, etc.,
the data will be compressed to 1/10–1/100 of its original size. The
feature of JPEG is less deterioration in picture quality considering
the degree of compression.
MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)
An audio compression method that compresses audio to approximately
one tenth of its size without any considerable loss of audio quality. You
can play MP3 you have recorded onto CD-R and CD-RW.
Pan & Scan/Letterbox
In general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they be
viewed on a widescreen television (16:9 aspect ratio), so images
often don’t fit regular (4:3 aspect ratio) televisions. Two styles of
picture, “Pan & Scan” and “Letterbox”, deal with this problem.
Playback control (PBC)
If a Video CD has playback control, you can select scenes and
information with menus.
(This unit is compatible with version 2.0 and 1.1.)
Progressive/Interlace
NTSC, the video signal standard, has 480 interlaced (i) scan lines,
whereas progressive scanning uses twice the number of scan lines.
This is called 480p.
Using progressive output, you can enjoy the high-resolution video
recorded on media such as DVD-Video. Your television must be
compatible to enjoy progressive video.
Protection
You can prevent accidental deletion by setting writing protection or
deletion protection.
Sampling frequency
Sampling is the process of converting the heights of sound wave
(analog signal) samples taken at set periods into digits (digital
encoding). Sampling frequency is the number of samples taken per
second, so larger numbers mean more faithful reproduction of the
original sound.
Thumbnail
This refers to a miniature representation of a picture used to display
multiple pictures in the form of a list.
TIFF (Tag Image File Format)
This is a system used for compressing/decoding color still pictures.
A common format for storing high quality images on digital cameras
and other devices.
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Frame
Field
Field
Pan & Scan: The sides are cut off so the picture
fills the screen.
Letterbox:
Black bands appear at the top and
bottom of the picture so the picture
itself appears in an aspect ratio of
16:9.
Language code list
Enter the code with the numbered buttons.
Abkhazian:
6566 Chinese:
9072 Hebrew:
7387 Macedonian:
7775 Romanian:
8279 Telugu:
8469
Afar:
6565 Corsican:
6779 Hindi:
7273 Malagasy:
7771 Russian:
8285 Thai:
8472
Afrikaans:
6570 Croatian:
7282 Hungarian:
7285 Malay:
7783 Samoan:
8377 Tibetan:
6679
Albanian:
8381 Czech:
6783 Icelandic:
7383 Malayalam:
7776 Sanskrit:
8365 Tigrinya:
8473
Ameharic:
6577 Danish:
6865 Indonesian:
7378 Maltese:
7784 Scots Gaelic:
7168 Tonga:
8479
Arabic:
6582 Dutch:
7876 Interlingua:
7365 Maori:
7773 Serbian:
8382 Turkish:
8482
Armenian:
7289 English:
6978 Irish:
7165 Marathi:
7782 Serbo-Croatian:
Turkmen:
8475
Assamese:
6583 Esperanto:
6979 Italian:
7384 Moldavian:
7779
8372 Twi:
8487
Aymara:
6589 Estonian:
6984 Japanese:
7465 Mongolian:
7778 Shona:
8378 Ukrainian:
8575
Azerbaijani:
6590 Faroese:
7079 Javanese:
7487 Nauru:
7865 Sindhi:
8368 Urdu:
8582
Bashkir:
6665 Fiji:
7074 Kannada:
7578 Nepali:
7869 Singhalese:
8373 Uzbek:
8590
Basque:
6985 Finnish:
7073 Kashmiri:
7583 Norwegian:
7879 Slovak:
8375 Vietnamese:
8673
Bengali; Bangla:
French:
7082 Kazakh:
7575 Oriya:
7982 Slovenian:
8376 Volapük:
8679
6678 Frisian:
7089 Kirghiz:
7589 Pashto, Pushto:
Somali:
8379 Welsh:
6789
Bhutani:
6890 Galician:
7176 Korean:
7579
8083 Spanish:
6983 Wolof:
8779
Bihari:
6672 Georgian:
7565 Kurdish:
7585 Persian:
7065 Sundanese:
8385 Xhosa:
8872
Breton:
6682 German:
6869 Laotian:
7679 Polish:
8076 Swahili:
8387 Yiddish:
7473
Bulgarian:
6671 Greek:
6976 Latin:
7665 Portuguese:
8084 Swedish:
8386 Yoruba:
8979
Burmese:
7789 Greenlandic:
7576 Latvian, Lettish:
Punjabi:
8065 Tagalog:
8476 Zulu:
9085
Byelorussian:
6669 Guarani:
7178
7686 Quechua:
8185 Tajik:
8471
Cambodian:
7577 Gujarati:
7185 Lingala:
7678 Rhaeto-Romance:
Tamil:
8465
Catalan:
6765 Hausa:
7265 Lithuanian:
7684
8277 Tatar:
8484