Rainbow Electronics ADC12D040 - Manual (Page 10)

Specification Definitions
APERTURE DELAY is the time after the rising edge of the
clock to when the input signal is acquired or held for conver-
sion.
APERTURE JITTER (APERTURE UNCERTAINTY) is the
variation in aperture delay from sample to sample. Aperture
jitter manifests itself as noise in the output.
CLOCK DUTY CYCLE is the ratio of the time during one
cycle that a repetitive digital waveform is high to the total
time of one period. The specification here refers to the ADC
clock input signal.
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE (V
CM
) is the d.c. potential
present at both signal inputs to the ADC.
CONVERSION LATENCY See PIPELINE DELAY.
CROSSTALK is coupling of energy from one channel into
the other channel.
DIFFERENTIAL NON-LINEARITY (DNL) is the measure of
the maximum deviation from the ideal step size of 1 LSB.
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB, or EFFECTIVE
BITS) is another method of specifying Signal-to-Noise and
Distortion or SINAD. ENOB is defined as (SINAD - 1.76) /
6.02 and says that the converter is equivalent to a perfect
ADC of this (ENOB) number of bits.
FULL POWER BANDWIDTH is a measure of the frequency
at which the reconstructed output fundamental drops 3 dB
below its low frequency value for a full scale input.
GAIN ERROR is the deviation from the ideal slope of the
transfer function. It can be calculated as:
Gain Error = Positive Full Scale Error − Offset Error
A gain of unity occurs when the negative and positive full
scale errors are equal to each other, including having the
same sign.
GAIN ERROR MATCHING is the difference in gain errors
between the two converters divided by the average gain of
the converters.
INTEGRAL NON LINEARITY (INL) is a measure of the
deviation of each individual code from a line drawn from
negative full scale (
1 ⁄
2
LSB below the first code transition)
through positive full scale ( 1 ⁄ 2 LSB above the last code
transition). The deviation of any given code from this straight
line is measured from the center of that code value.
INTERMODULATION DISTORTION (IMD) is the creation of
additional spectral components as a result of two sinusoidal
frequencies being applied to the ADC input at the same time.
It is defined as the ratio of the power in the intermodulation
products to the total power in the original frequencies. IMD is
usually expressed in dBFS.
LSB (LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT) is the bit that has the
smallest value or weight of all bits. This value is V
REF
/2 n ,
where “n” is the ADC resolution in bits, which is 12 in the
case of the ADC12D040.
MISSING CODES are those output codes that will never
appear at the ADC outputs. The ADC12D040 is guaranteed
not to have any missing codes.
MSB (MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT) is the bit that has the
largest value or weight. Its value is one half of full scale.
NEGATIVE FULL SCALE ERROR is the difference between
the actual first code transition and its ideal value of
1 ⁄
2
LSB
above negative full scale.
OFFSET ERROR is the difference between the two input
voltages (V
IN
+ –V
IN
−) required to cause a transition from
code 2047 to 2048.
OUTPUT DELAY is the time delay after the rising edge of
the clock before the data update is presented at the output
pins.
OVER RANGE RECOVERY TIME is the time required after
V
IN
goes from a specified voltage out of the normal input
range to a specified voltage within the normal input range
and the converter makes a conversion with its rated accu-
racy.
PIPELINE DELAY (LATENCY) is the number of clock cycles
between initiation of conversion and when that data is pre-
sented to the output driver stage. Data for any given sample
is available at the output pins the Pipeline Delay plus the
Output Delay after the sample is taken. New data is available
at every clock cycle, but the data lags the conversion by the
pipeline delay.
POSITIVE FULL SCALE ERROR is the difference between
the actual last code transition and its ideal value of 1
1 ⁄
2
LSB
below positive full scale.
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (PSRR) is a mea-
sure of how well the ADC rejects a change in the power
supply voltage. For the ADC12D040, PSRR1 is the ratio of
the change in Full-Scale Error that results from a change in
the d.c. power supply voltage, expressed in dB. PSRR2 is a
measure of how well an a.c. signal riding upon the power
supply is rejected at the output.
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) is the ratio, expressed in
dB, of the rms value of the input signal to the rms value of the
sum of all other spectral components below one-half the
sampling frequency, not including harmonics or d.c.
SIGNAL TO NOISE PLUS DISTORTION (S/N+D or SINAD)
Is the ratio, expressed in dB, of the rms value of the input
signal to the rms value of all of the other spectral compo-
nents below half the clock frequency, including harmonics
but excluding d.c.
SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR) is the differ-
ence, expressed in dB, between the rms values of the input
signal and the peak spurious signal, where a spurious signal
is any signal present in the output spectrum that is not
present at the input.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) is the ratio, ex-
pressed in dB, of the rms total of the first seven harmonic
levels at the output to the level of the fundamental at the
output. THD is calculated as
where f
1
is the RMS power of the fundamental (output)
frequency and f
2
through f
10
are the RMS power of the first
9 harmonic frequencies in the output spectrum.
ADC12D040
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