3B Scientific Stages of disc prolapse and vertebral degeneration - Manual (Page 4)

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English
Stages of disc prolapse and vertebral
degeneration
This model provides a very graphic comparative illustration of lumbar vertebrae with intervertebral discs
in a healthy vs. a degenerated condition. Intervertebral disc degenerations are shown both in the form of
protrusion and prolapse and of changes to the vertebra itself.
1 Intervertebral disc
2 Lumbar vertebra I
3 Lumbar vertebra II
4 Spondylophyte (bony outgrowth)
5 Lumbar vertebra III
6 Lumbar vertebra IV
7 Lumbar vertebra V
8 Spinal nerve L5
9 Spinal nerve L4
10 Spinal nerve L3
11 Spinal nerve L2
12 Spinal nerve L1
13 Spinal cord
14 Zygapophysial (facet) joint (between articular processes)
15 Healthy intervertebral disc
16 Disc protrusion
17 Dorso-medial disc prolapse (into the spinal canal)
18 Dorso-lateral disc prolapse
19 Degenerative intervertebral disc