Programming using avr-gcc and avrdude, Getting the prerequisites, Compiling an example program – Pololu A-Star 32U4 User Manual
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5.3. Programming using avr-gcc and AVRDUDE
This section explains how to program the A-Star boards using the avr-gcc toolchain and AVRDUDE. This section is
intended for advanced users who do not want to use the Arduino IDE as described in
Getting the prerequisites
If you are using Windows, we recommend downloading
which contains the avr-
gcc toolchain and a command-line utility called
that can be used to upload
programs to the A-Star bootloader. If the version of GNU Make that comes with WinAVR crashes on your computer,
we recommend using the
.
If you are using Mac OS X, we recommend downloading the
.
If you are using Linux, you will need to install avr-gcc, avr-libc, and AVRDUDE. Ubuntu users can get the required
software by running:
sudo apt-get install gcc-avr avr-libc avrdude
After you have installed the prerequisites, open a command prompt and try running these commands to make sure all
the required utilities are available:
avr-gcc -v
avr-objcopy -V
make -v
avrdude
If any of those commands fail, make sure the desired executable is installed on your computer and make sure that it
is in a directory listed in your PATH environment variable.
Compiling an example program
Copy the following code to a file named “main.c”:
#define F_CPU 16000000
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
int main()
{
DDRC |= (1 << DDC7); // Make pin 13 be an output.
while(1)
{
PORTC |= (1 << PORTC7); // Turn the LED on.
_delay_ms(500);
PORTC &= ~(1 << PORTC7); // Turn the LED off.
_delay_ms(500);
}
}
In the same folder, create a file named “Makefile” with the following contents:
PORT=\\\\.\\USBSER000
MCU=atmega32u4
CFLAGS=-g -Wall -mcall-prologues -mmcu=$(MCU) -Os
LDFLAGS=-Wl,-gc-sections -Wl,-relax
CC=avr-gcc
TARGET=main
OBJECT_FILES=main.o
Pololu A-Star 32U4 User’s Guide
© 2001–2014 Pololu Corporation
5. Getting started
Page 20 of 30