Tiptop Z3000 Smzrt VCO - Manual (Page 5)

Frequency Mode. - Frequency Ratios
When
multiple
VCOs
are
combined
in
a
patch,
either
modulating
each
other,
modulating
other
modules,
or
simply
having
their
waveforms
mixed
together,
frequency
ratios
are
practical
tools
for
audio
synthesis.
VCOs
working
together
create
overtones.
These
can
be
generally
pleasant
to
the
ear
(harmonic)
or
abrasive
(inharmonic
or
dissonant).
Harmonic
overtones
come
from
mathematically
even
frequency
intervals.
For
example,
if
one
VCO
is
set
to
300Hz,
then
the
second
VCO
should
be
set
to
an
even
multiple
or
fraction:
75hz,
150Hz,
300Hz,
600Hz,
1200Hz,
2400Hz,
etc.
Inharmonic
overtones
can
be
created
by
adding
or
subtracting
a
constant
number
(75,
in
this
case)
from
the
fundamental
frequency:
75Hz,
150Hz,
225Hz,
300Hz,
375Hz,
etc.
Multiphonic
sounds
are
created
by
adding
a
third
VCO
that
matches
the
sum
of
the
frequencies
of
the
first
two.
For
example:
If
VCO1
=
75Hz
and
VCO2
=
150Hz
Set
VCO3
=
225hz
(150+75)
(Continued...)