Document Outline

• List of Sections
• Table of Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Section 1. General Information
  • 1.1 Contents
  • 1.2 Introduction
  • 1.3 Structure of This Manual
  • 1.4 Getting Started
    • 1.4.1 Creating a New Project
    • 1.4.2 Creating an Assembly Source File
    • 1.4.3 Assembling a Source File
    • 1.4.4 Linking an Application
• Section 2. Graphical User Interface
  • 2.1 Contents
  • 2.2 Introduction
  • 2.3 Starting the Motorola Assembler
  • 2.4 Assembler Graphical Interface
    • 2.4.1 Window Title
    • 2.4.2 Content Area
    • 2.4.3 Assembler Toolbar
    • 2.4.4 Status Bar
    • 2.4.5 Assembler Menu Bar
    • 2.4.6 File Menu
      • 2.4.6.1 Editor Settings Dialog
      • 2.4.6.2 Save Configuration Dialog
      • 2.4.6.3 Assembler Menu
    • 2.4.7 View Menu
      • 2.4.7.1 Option Settings Dialog Box
    • 2.4.8 Specifying the Input File
      • 2.4.8.1 Using the Editable Combo Box in the Toolbar
      • 2.4.8.2 Using the Entry File | Assembly ...
      • 2.4.8.3 Using Drag and Drop
  • 2.5 Error Feedback
• Section 3. Environment Variables
  • 3.1 Contents
  • 3.2 Introduction
  • 3.3 Paths
  • 3.4 Line Continuation
  • 3.5 Environment Variables Description
    • 3.5.1 ASMOPTIONS
    • 3.5.2 GENPATH
    • 3.5.3 ABSPATH
    • 3.5.4 OBJPATH
    • 3.5.5 TEXTPATH
    • 3.5.6 SRECORD
    • 3.5.7 ERRORFILE
    • 3.5.8 COPYRIGHT: Copyright Entry in Object File
    • 3.5.9 INCLUDETIME: Create Time in Object File
    • 3.5.10 USERNAME: User Name in Object File
• Section 4. Files
  • 4.1 Contents
  • 4.2 Introduction
  • 4.3 Input Files
    • 4.3.1 Source Files
    • 4.3.2 Include Files
  • 4.4 Output Files
    • 4.4.1 Object Files
    • 4.4.2 Absolute Files
    • 4.4.3 Motorola S Files
    • 4.4.4 Listing Files
    • 4.4.5 Debug Listing Files
    • 4.4.6 Error Listing Files
• Section 5. Assembler Options
  • 5.1 Contents
  • 5.2 Introduction
  • 5.3 ASMOPTIONS
  • 5.4 Assembler Options
    • 5.4.1 -CI
    • 5.4.2 -Env
    • 5.4.3 -F2 -FA2
    • 5.4.4 -H
    • 5.4.5 -L
    • 5.4.6 -Lc
    • 5.4.7 -Ld
    • 5.4.8 -Le
    • 5.4.9 -Li
    • 5.4.10 -Ms -Mb
    • 5.4.11 -MCUasm
    • 5.4.12 -N
    • 5.4.13 -V
    • 5.4.14 -W1
    • 5.4.15 -W2
    • 5.4.16 -WmsgNe
    • 5.4.17 -WmsgNi
    • 5.4.18 -WmsgNw
    • 5.4.19 -WmsgFbv -WmsgFbm
    • 5.4.20 -WmsgFiv -WmsgFim
• Section 6. Sections
  • 6.1 Contents
  • 6.2 Introduction
  • 6.3 Section Attributes
    • 6.3.1 Code Sections
    • 6.3.2 Constant Data Sections
    • 6.3.3 Data Sections
  • 6.4 Section Types
    • 6.4.1 Absolute Sections
    • 6.4.2 Relocatable Sections
    • 6.4.3 Relocatable versus Absolute Section
      • 6.4.3.1 Modularity
      • 6.4.3.2 Multiple Developers
      • 6.4.3.3 Early Development
      • 6.4.3.4 Enhanced Portability
      • 6.4.3.5 Tracking Overlaps
      • 6.4.3.6 Reusability
• Section 7. Assembler Syntax
  • 7.1 Contents
  • 7.2 Introduction
  • 7.3 Comment Line
  • 7.4 Source Line
    • 7.4.1 Label Field
    • 7.4.2 Operation Field
      • 7.4.2.1 Instructions
      • 7.4.2.2 Directives
      • 7.4.2.3 Macro Name
    • 7.4.3 Operand Fields
      • 7.4.3.1 Inherent
      • 7.4.3.2 Immediate
      • 7.4.3.3 Direct
      • 7.4.3.4 Extended
      • 7.4.3.5 Relative
      • 7.4.3.6 Indexed, 5-Bit Offset
      • 7.4.3.7 Indexed, 9-Bit Offset
      • 7.4.3.8 Indexed, 16-Bit Offset
      • 7.4.3.9 Indexed, Indirect 16-Bit Offset
      • 7.4.3.10 Indexed, Pre-Decrement
      • 7.4.3.11 Indexed, Pre-Increment
      • 7.4.3.12 Indexed, Post-Decrement
      • 7.4.3.13 Indexed, Post-Increment
      • 7.4.3.14 Indexed, Accumulator Offset
      • 7.4.3.15 Indexed-Indirect, D Accumulator Offset
      • 7.4.3.16 Indexed PC versus Indexed PC Relative Addressing Mode
    • 7.4.4 Comment Field
  • 7.5 Symbols
    • 7.5.1 User-Defined Symbols
    • 7.5.2 External Symbols
    • 7.5.3 Undefined Symbols
    • 7.5.4 Reserved Symbols
  • 7.6 Constants
    • 7.6.1 Integer Constants
    • 7.6.2 String Constants
    • 7.6.3 Floating-Point Constants
  • 7.7 Operators
    • 7.7.1 Addition and Subtraction Operators (Binary)
    • 7.7.2 Multiplication, Division, and Modulo Operators (Binary)
    • 7.7.3 Sign Operators (Unary)
    • 7.7.4 Shift Operators (Binary)
    • 7.7.5 Bitwise Operators (Binary)
    • 7.7.6 Bitwise Operators (Unary)
    • 7.7.7 Logical Operators (Unary)
    • 7.7.8 Relational Operators (Binary)
    • 7.7.9 Memory PAGE Operator (Unary)
    • 7.7.10 Force Operator (Unary)
  • 7.8 Expressions
    • 7.8.1 Absolute Expressions
    • 7.8.2 Simple Relocatable Expression
  • 7.9 Translation Limits
• Section 8. Assembler Directives
  • 8.1 Contents
  • 8.2 Introduction
    • 8.2.1 Section Definition Directives
    • 8.2.2 Constant Definition Directives
    • 8.2.3 Data Allocation Directives
    • 8.2.4 Symbol Linkage Directives
    • 8.2.5 Assembly Control Directives
    • 8.2.6 Listing File Control Directives
    • 8.2.7 Macro Control Directives
    • 8.2.8 Conditional Assembly Directives
  • 8.3 ABSENTRY — Application Entry Point
  • 8.4 ALIGN — Align Location Counter
  • 8.5 BASE — Set Number Base
  • 8.6 CLIST — List Conditional Assembly
  • 8.7 DC — Define Constant
  • 8.8 DCB — Define Constant Block
  • 8.9 DS — Define Space
  • 8.10 ELSE — Conditional Assembly
  • 8.11 END — End Assembly
  • 8.12 ENDIF — End Conditional Assembly
  • 8.13 ENDM — End Macro Definition
  • 8.14 EQU — Equate Symbol Value
  • 8.15 EVEN — Force Word Alignment
  • 8.16 FAIL — Generate Error Message
  • 8.17 IF — Conditional Assembly
  • 8.18 IFCC — Conditional Assembly
  • 8.19 INCLUDE — Include Text from Another File
  • 8.20 LIST — Enable Listing
  • 8.21 LLEN — Set Line Length
  • 8.22 LONGEVEN — Forcing Longword Alignment
  • 8.23 MACRO — Begin Macro Definition
  • 8.24 MEXIT — Terminate Macro Expansion
  • 8.25 MLIST — List Macro Expansions
  • 8.26 NOLIST — Disable Listing
  • 8.27 NOPAGE — Disable Paging
  • 8.28 ORG — Set Location Counter
  • 8.29 OFFSET — Create Absolute Symbols
  • 8.30 PAGE — Insert Page Break
  • 8.31 PLEN — Set Page Length
  • 8.32 SECTION — Declare Relocatable Section
  • 8.33 SET — Set Symbol Value
  • 8.34 SPC — Insert Blank Lines
  • 8.35 TABS — Set Tab Length
  • 8.36 TITLE — Provide Listing Title
  • 8.37 XDEF — External Symbol Definition
  • 8.38 XREF — External Symbol Reference
• Section 9. Macros
  • 9.1 Contents
  • 9.2 Introduction
  • 9.3 Macro Overview
  • 9.4 Defining a Macro
  • 9.5 Calling Macros
  • 9.6 Macro Parameters
  • 9.7 Labels Inside Macros
  • 9.8 Macro Expansion
  • 9.9 Nested Macros
• Section 10. Assembler Listing File
  • 10.1 Content
  • 10.2 Introduction
  • 10.3 Page Header
  • 10.4 Source Listing
    • 10.4.1 Absolute (Abs.) Listing
    • 10.4.2 Relative (Rel.) Listing
    • 10.4.3 Location (Loc.) Listing
    • 10.4.4 Object (Obj.) Code Listing
    • 10.4.5 Source Line Listing
• Section 11. Operating Procedures
  • 11.1 Contents
  • 11.2 Introduction
    • 11.2.1 Working with Absolute Sections
    • 11.2.2 Defining Absolute Sections in the Assembly Source File
    • 11.2.3 Linking an Application Containing Absolute Sections
  • 11.3 Working with Relocatable Sections
    • 11.3.1 Defining Relocatable Sections in the Assembly Source File
    • 11.3.2 Linking an Application Containing Relocatable Sections
  • 11.4 Initializing the Vector Table
    • 11.4.1 Initializing the Vector Table in the Linker PRM File
    • 11.4.2 Initializing Vector Table in Assembly Source Files Using a Relocatable Section
    • 11.4.3 Initializing the Vector Table in the Assembly Source File Using an Absolute Section
  • 11.5 Splitting an Application into Different Modules
  • 11.6 Using Direct Addressing Mode to Access Symbols
    • 11.6.1 Using Direct Addressing Mode to Access External Symbols
    • 11.6.2 Using Direct Addressing Mode to Access Exported Symbols
    • 11.6.3 Defining Symbols in the Direct Page
    • 11.6.4 Using a Force Operator
    • 11.6.5 Using SHORT Sections
  • 11.7 Directly Generating an .ABS File
    • 11.7.1 Assembler Source File
    • 11.7.2 Assembling and Generating the Application
• Section 12. Assembler Messages
  • 12.1 Contents
  • 12.2 Introduction
    • 12.2.1 Warning
    • 12.2.2 Error
    • 12.2.3 Fatal
  • 12.3 Message Codes
    • 12.3.1 A1000: Conditional Directive not Closed
    • 12.3.2 A1001: Conditional Else not Allowed Here
    • 12.3.3 A1051: Zero Division in Expression
    • 12.3.4 A1052: Right Parenthesis Expected
    • 12.3.5 A1053: Left Parenthesis Expected
    • 12.3.6 A1054: References on Non-Absolute Objects Are not Allowed When Options -FA1 or -FA2 Are En...
    • 12.3.7 A1101: Illegal Label: Label is Reserved
    • 12.3.8 A1103: Illegal Redefinition of Label
    • 12.3.9 A1104: Undeclared User-Defined Symbol <symbolName>
    • 12.3.10 A1201: Label <labelName> Referenced in Directive ABSENTRY is not Defined in Code Segment
    • 12.3.11 A2301: Label is Missing
    • 12.3.12 A2302: Macro Name is Missing
    • 12.3.13 A2303: ENDM is Illegal
    • 12.3.14 A2304: Macro Definition Within Definition
    • 12.3.15 A2305: Illegal Redefinition of Instruction or Directive Name
    • 12.3.16 A2306: Macro not Closed at End of Source
    • 12.3.17 A2307: Macro Redefinition
    • 12.3.18 A2308: Filename Expected
    • 12.3.19 A2309: File not Found
    • 12.3.20 A2310: Illegal Size Character
    • 12.3.21 A2311: Symbol Name Expected
    • 12.3.22 A2312: String Expected
    • 12.3.23 A2313: Nesting of Include Files Exceeds 50
    • 12.3.24 A2314: Expression Must Be Absolute
    • 12.3.25 A2316: Section Name Required
    • 12.3.26 A2317: Illegal Redefinition of Section Name
    • 12.3.27 A2318: Section not Declared
    • 12.3.28 A2320: Value too Small
    • 12.3.29 A2321: Value too Big
    • 12.3.30 A2323: Label is Ignored
    • 12.3.31 A2324: Illegal Base (2, 8, 10, 16)
    • 12.3.32 A2325: Comma or Line End Expected
    • 12.3.33 A2326: Label is Redefined
    • 12.3.34 A2327: ON or OFF Expected
    • 12.3.35 A2328: Value is Truncated
    • 12.3.36 A2329: FAIL Found
    • 12.3.37 A2330: String is not Allowed
    • 12.3.38 A2332: FAIL Found
    • 12.3.39 A2333: Forward Reference not Allowed
    • 12.3.40 A2334: Only Labels Defined in the Current Assembly Unit Can Be Referenced in an EQU Expre...
    • 12.3.41 A2335: Exported Absolute SET Label is not Supported
    • 12.3.42 A2336: Value too Big
    • 12.3.43 A2338: <Message String>
    • 12.3.44 A2341: Relocatable Section not Allowed: Absolute File is Currently Directly Generated
    • 12.3.45 A12001: Illegal Addressing Mode
    • 12.3.46 A12002: Complex Relocatable Expression not Supported
    • 12.3.47 A12003: Value is Truncated to One Byte
    • 12.3.48 A12005: Value Must Be Between 1 and 8
    • 12.3.49 A12007: Comma Expected
    • 12.3.50 A12008: Relative Branch with Illegal Target
    • 12.3.51 A12009: Illegal Expression
    • 12.3.52 A12010: Register Expected
    • 12.3.53 A12011: Size Specification Expected
    • 12.3.54 A12102: Page Value Expected
    • 12.3.55 A12103: Operand not Allowed
    • 12.3.56 A12104: Immediate Value Expected
    • 12.3.57 A12105: Immediate Address Mode not Allowed
    • 12.3.58 A12107: Illegal Size Specification for HC12 Instruction
    • 12.3.59 A12109: Illegal Character at the End of Line
    • 12.3.60 A12110: No Operand Expected
    • 12.3.61 A12201: Lexical Error in First or Second Field
    • 12.3.62 A12202: Not an HC12 Instruction or Directive
    • 12.3.63 A12203: Reserved Identifiers not Allowed as Instruction or Directive
    • 12.3.64 A12401: Value Out of Range –128...127
    • 12.3.65 A12402: Value Out of Range –32,768...32,767
    • 12.3.66 A12403: Value Out of Range –256...255
    • 12.3.67 A12405: PAGE with Initialized RAM not Supported
    • 12.3.68 A12408: Code Size Per Section Is Limited to 32 Kbytes
    • 12.3.69 A12409: In PC Relative Addressing Mode, References to Object Located in Another Section o...
    • 12.3.70 A12411: Restriction: Label Specified in a DBNE, DBEQ, IBNE, IBEQ, TBNE, or TBEQ Instructi...
• Appendix A. MASM Compatibility
  • A.1 Content
  • A.2 Introduction
  • A.3 Comment Line
  • A.4 Constants
  • A.5 Operators
  • A.6 Directives
• Appendix B. MCUasm Compatibility
  • B.1 Contents
  • B.2 Introduction
  • B.3 Labels
  • B.4 Set Directive
  • B.5 Obsolete Directives
• Index