Spicer Tandem Drive Axles Service Manual D__R440, 460, 480, D_R461, 462, 463, 521, 581, 601, 651, 652, 653 - Manual (Page 140)

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Theory of Operation
Torque Distribution in Low Range
Torque is transmitted to both axles through
inter-axle differential action.
1 - Input torque
2 - Drive is from differential through helical gears to forward
axle gearing.
3 - In low range, the planetary gearing is introduced in the
drive system, between the ring gear and wheel differential
(both axles).
4 - Drive is from differential through output shaft to rear
axle gearing.
5 - Inter-axle differential operating.
Torque is transmitted to both axles through
inter-axle differential action.
1 - Input torque
2 - Drive is from input shaft through helical gears to forward
axle gearing.
3 - In low range, the planetary gearing is introduced in the
drive system, between the ring gear and wheel differential
(both axles).
4 - Drive is from output shaft side gear to rear axle gearing.
5 - Inter-axle differential NOT operating.