Spicer Drive Axles Failure Analysis Service Manual - Manual (Page 3)

Introduction
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Overview
This document is a general reference guide to mechanical failures of heavy truck axles. We approach the subject of axle failure
from several perspectives ranging from basic principles of drive train operation to the evidence available from examining failed
parts.
In preparing this guide, our objective was to help the skilled technician identify all the contributing causes of drive axle failures.
With improved understanding of how and why an axle failed, the technician will not only be able to repair the carrier successfully,
but also pinpoint any conditions that may need to be changed to prevent a repeat failure.
Here is an overview of the different sections of this guide:
• Failure Prevention - Explains how to prevent axle failures through proper procurement, operation, and maintenance.
• Glossary and Nomenclature - Covers the terminology of axle components including function, fatigue, and failure. This
section illustrates the primary forms of mechanical stress and also provides gearing and gear tooth nomenclature.
• Gearing and Torque Distribution - Reviews the principles of power flow through drive axles in various gear ranges and
equipment configurations. This section also illustrates different forms of spin-out, a major operating cause of axle failure.
• Failure Analysis - Explains how to diagnose the cause of a component failure. The main feature of this section is a pho-
tographic review of actual failed parts matched with a description of the failure, the probable cause, and methods of pre-
vention.
At Dana, we are interested in knowing your reaction to this guide and we welcome comments and contributions to future
reference materials. Contact your Dana representative or contact us directly at www.dana.com.