Casio CELVIANO AP45ES1C - Manual (Page 32)

E-30
3
Select a root by pressing one of the keys in the range
shown in the illustration below. Remember to keep
the SETTING button depressed.
• The note for the keyboard key you press is applied as
the root. If you press key F 5 , for example, the root
becomes F.
• No sound is produced when the keys are pressed.
• When Baroque Pitch (page E-31) is ON, the root is a
half-note higher than the key you press. This means
that to set a root of C, you should press B
4 .
4
Release the SETTING button to exit temperament
setting.
NOTE
• If you select the temperament only without specifying
the root in the above procedure, the root automatically
becomes C.
• Temperament root settings are not affected when you
change the Transpose setting.
• The keys you should press to set the root in step 3 of
the above procedure are fixed. They are not affected by
transpose settings, etc.
F 5 F 4
About Temperaments
● Equal Temperament
This tuning system is the most widely used for keyboard
musical instruments in the world today. The octave is
divided into 12 semitones that are equal in frequency ratio.
With this system, you can perform in all the major and
minor keys without any adjustment. Though we take this
system for granted these days, it was a revolutionary
development in the history of music. Equal Temperament
tuning has been the most common system used in the
world since the middle of the 18th Century.
● Kirnberger III
This is also one of the precursors to equal temperament.
It is an evolution of just intonation and the mean-tone
system, and all keys (from C-major to F -major) can be used
for keyboard play.
● Werckmeister
Werckmeister is a famous theorist who also did research
on equal temperament. This particular system is said to
be a precursor to equal temperament, and all keys (from
C-major to F -major) can be used for keyboard play.
● Mean-Tone System
This system was the first actually used for tuning of
keyboard musical instruments. It was widely used starting
from the Renaissance up until the second half of the 18th
Century. During the days of Handel and Bach, it was
employed for cembalos, organs, and pianos.
● Pythagorean System
This system was developed by the philosopher Pythagoras
sometime during the 5th Century B.C. Most of the fifths
in this system do not deviate from the “pure” (acoustically
correct) intervals. The Pythagorean system is perfect within
a small range of tones and in the simple keys, but it
becomes inadequate in others. Despite this, this system
was used for Middle Age religious music, which was
performed (sung) using only the simple keys.
● Just Intonation
This system is one of the “pure” systems in which many
of the fifths and thirds are acoustically correct. Try setting
the root to C and playing C, E, G.
Keyboard Settings
430A-E-032A