Black Box LR1102A-T1/E1 - Manual (Page 15)

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2.1IGMP Configuration
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is enabled on hosts and routers that want to receive multicast traffic.
IGMP informs locally-attached routers of their multicast group memberships. Hosts inform routers of the groups of
which they are members by multicasting IGMP Group Membership Reports. When multicast routers listen for these
reports, they can exchange group membership information with other multicast routers. This reporting system allows
distribution trees to be formed to deliver multicast datagrams. The original version of IGMP was defined in RFC 1112,
Host Extensions for IP Multicasting. Extensions to IGMP, known as IGMP version 2.
IGMPv2 improves performance and supports the following message types:
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IGMP Query: IGMP Query is sent by the router to know which groups have members on the attached network.
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IGMP Reports: IGMP reports are sent as a response to the query by hosts to announce their group membership.
Reports can be sent “unsolicited” when the hosts come up.
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IGMP Leaves: IGMP Leaves are sent by the host when it relinquishes membership of a group.
The latest extension to the IGMP standard is Version 3, which includes interoperability with version 2 and version 1
hosts, also provides support for source filtering. Source filtering enables a multicast receiver host to signal to a router
which groups it wants to receive multicast traffic from, and from which source(s) this traffic is expected. This
membership information enables the router to forward traffic only from those sources from which receivers requested
the traffic.
IGMPv3 supports applications that explicitly signal sources from which they want to receive traffic. With IGMPv3,
receivers signal membership to a multicast host group in the following two modes:
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INCLUDE mode: In this mode, the receiver announces membership to a host group and provides a list of IP
addresses (the INCLUDE list) from which it wants to receive traffic.
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EXCLUDE mode: In this mode, the receiver announces membership to a host group and provides a list of IP
addresses (the EXCLUDE list) from which it does not want to receive traffic. This indicates that the host wants
to receive traffic only from other sources whose IP addresses are not listed in the EXCLUDE list. To receive
traffic from all sources, like in the case of the Internet Standard Multicast (ISM) service model, a host expresses
EXCLUDE mode membership with an empty EXCLUDE list.
IGMPv3 is used by the hosts to express their desire to be a part of the source-specific multicast (SSM) which is an
emerging standard used by routers to direct multicast traffic to the host only if its is from a specific source.