Document Outline

• Controls of the TNC
  • Keys on visual display unit
  • Alphanumeric keyboard
  • Machine operating modes
  • Programming modes
  • Program/file management, TNC functions
  • Navigation keys
  • Potentiometer for feed rate and spindle speed
  • Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats
  • Tool functions
  • Programming path movements
  • Special functions
  • Coordinate axes and numbers: Entering and editing
• About this Manual
  • Would you like any changes, or have you found any errors?
• TNC Model, Software and Features
  • Software options
  • Feature content level (upgrade functions)
  • Intended place of operation
  • The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.
  • Legal information
• First Steps with the TNC 640
  • 1.1 Overview
  • 1.2 Machine Switch-On
    • Acknowledging the power interruption and moving to the reference points
  • 1.3 Programming the First Part
    • Selecting the correct operating mode
    • The most important TNC keys
    • Creating a new program/file management
    • Defining a workpiece blank
    • Program layout
    • Programming a simple contour
    • Creating a cycle program
  • 1.4 Graphically Testing the First Program
    • Selecting the correct operating mode
    • Selecting the tool table for the test run
    • Choosing the program you want to test
    • Selecting the screen layout and the view
    • Starting the program test
  • 1.5 Tool Setup
    • Selecting the correct operating mode
    • Preparing and measuring tools
    • The tool table TOOL.T
    • The pocket table TOOL_P.TCH
  • 1.6 Workpiece Setup
    • Selecting the correct operating mode
    • Clamping the workpiece
    • Aligning the workpiece with a 3-D touch probe system
    • Datum setting with a 3-D touch probe
  • 1.7 Running the First Program
    • Selecting the correct operating mode
    • Choosing the program you want to run
    • Starting the program
• Introduction
  • 2.1 The TNC 640
    • Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational and ISO formats
    • Compatibility
  • 2.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
    • Visual display unit
    • Setting the screen layout
    • Operating panel
  • 2.3 Operating Modes
    • Manual Operation and El. Handwheel
    • Positioning with Manual Data Input
    • Programming and Editing
    • Test Run
    • Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block
  • 2.4 Status Displays
    • "General" status display
    • Additional status displays
  • 2.5 Window Manager
    • Soft-key row
  • 2.6 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels
    • 3-D touch probes
    • HR electronic handwheels
• Programming: Fundamentals, File Management
  • 3.1 Fundamentals
    • Position encoders and reference marks
    • Reference system
    • Reference system on milling machines
    • Designation of the axes on milling machines
    • Polar coordinates
    • Absolute and incremental workpiece positions
    • Setting the datum
  • 3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
    • Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN Conversational
    • Define the blank: BLK FORM
    • Creating a new part program
    • Programming tool movements in conversational format
    • Actual position capture
    • Editing a program
    • The TNC search function
  • 3.3 File Management: Fundamentals
    • Files
    • Showing externally created files on the TNC
    • Data backup
  • 3.4 Working with the File Manager
    • Directories
    • Paths
    • Overview: Functions of the file manager
    • Calling the file manager
    • Selecting drives, directories and files
    • Creating a new directory
    • Creating a new file
    • Copying a single file
    • Copying files into another directory
    • Copying a table
    • Copying a directory
    • Choosing one of the last files selected
    • Deleting a file
    • Deleting a directory
    • Marking files
    • Renaming a file
    • File sorting
    • Additional functions
    • Additional tools for management of external file types
    • Data transfer to or from an external data medium
    • The TNC in a network
    • USB devices on the TNC
• Programming: Programming Aids
  • 4.1 Adding Comments
    • Application
    • Entering comments during programming
    • Inserting comments after program entry
    • Entering a comment in a separate block
    • Functions for editing of the comment
  • 4.2 Display of NC Programs
    • Syntax highlighting
    • Scrollbar
  • 4.3 Structuring Programs
    • Definition and applications
    • Displaying the program structure window / Changing the active window
    • Inserting a structuring block in the (left) program window
    • Selecting blocks in the program structure window
  • 4.4 On-Line Calculator
    • Operation
  • 4.5 Programming Graphics
    • Generating / not generating graphics during programming
    • Generating a graphic for an existing program
    • Block number display ON/OFF
    • Erasing the graphic
    • Showing grid lines
    • Magnifying or reducing a detail
  • 4.6 Error Messages
    • Display of errors
    • Open the error window
    • Closing the error window
    • Detailed error messages
    • INTERNAL INFO soft key
    • Clearing errors
    • Error log
    • Keystroke log
    • Informational texts
    • Saving service files
    • Calling the TNCguide help system
  • 4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
    • Application
    • Working with the TNCguide
    • Downloading current help files
• Programming: Tools
  • 5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data
    • Feed rate F
    • Spindle speed S
  • 5.2 Tool Data
    • Requirements for tool compensation
    • Tool numbers and tool names
    • Tool length L
    • Tool radius R
    • Delta values for lengths and radii
    • Entering tool data into the program
    • Entering tool data in the table
    • Pocket table for tool changer
    • Calling tool data
    • Tool change
    • Tool management (software option)
  • 5.3 Tool Compensation
    • Introduction
    • Tool length compensation
    • Tool radius compensation
• Programming: Programming Contours
  • 6.1 Tool Movements
    • Path functions
    • FK free contour programming
    • Miscellaneous functions M
    • Subprograms and program section repeats
    • Programming with Q parameters
  • 6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions
    • Programming tool movements for workpiece machining
  • 6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
    • Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure
    • Important positions for approach and departure
    • Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection: APPR LT
    • Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN
    • Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection: APPR CT
    • Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour: APPR LCT
    • Departing on a straight line with tangential connection: DEP LT
    • Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN
    • Departing on a circular path with tangential connection: DEP CT
    • Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT
  • 6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates
    • Overview of path functions
    • Straight line L
    • Inserting a chamfer between two straight lines
    • Corner rounding RND
    • Circle center CCI
    • Circular path C around circle center CC
    • Circular path CR with defined radius
    • Circular path CT with tangential connection
  • 6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates
    • Overview
    • Zero point for polar coordinates: pole CC
    • Straight line LP
    • Circular path CP around pole CC
    • Circular path CTP with tangential connection
    • Helical interpolation
  • 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
    • Fundamentals
    • Graphics during FK programming
    • Initiating the FK dialog
    • Pole for FK programming
    • Free programming of straight lines
    • Free programming of circular arcs
    • Input possibilities
    • Auxiliary points
    • Relative data
• Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
  • 7.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
    • Labels
  • 7.2 Subprograms
    • Operating sequence
    • Programming notes
    • Programming a subprogram
    • Calling a subprogram
  • 7.3 Program Section Repeats
    • Label LBL
    • Operating sequence
    • Programming notes
    • Programming a program section repeat
    • Calling a program section repeat
  • 7.4 Separate Program as Subprogram
    • Operating sequence
    • Programming notes
    • Calling any program as a subprogram
  • 7.5 Nesting
    • Types of nesting
    • Nesting depth
    • Subprogram within a subprogram
    • Repeating program section repeats
    • Repeating a subprogram
  • 7.6 Programming Examples
• Programming: Q Parameters
  • 8.1 Principle and Overview
    • Programming notes
    • Calling Q-parameter functions
  • 8.2 Part Families—Q Parameters in Place of Numerical Values
    • Application
  • 8.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations
    • Application
    • Overview
    • Programming fundamental operations
  • 8.4 Trigonometric Functions
    • Definitions
    • Programming trigonometric functions
  • 8.5 Circle Calculations
    • Application
  • 8.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters
    • Application
    • Unconditional jumps
    • Programming If-Then decisions
    • Abbreviations used:
  • 8.7 Checking and Changing Q Parameters
    • Procedure
  • 8.8 Additional Functions
    • Overview
    • FN 14: ERROR: Displaying error messages
    • FN 16: F-PRINT: Formatted output of text and Q-parameter values
    • FN 18: SYS-DATUM READ
    • FN 19: PLC: Transfer values to the PLC
    • FN 20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization
    • FN 29: PLC: Transfer values to the PLC
    • FN37: EXPORT
  • 8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
    • Introduction
    • A Transaction
    • Programming SQL commands
    • Overview of the soft keys
    • SQL BIND
    • SQL SELECT
    • SQL FETCH
    • SQL UPDATE
    • SQL INSERT
    • SQL COMMIT
    • SQL ROLLBACK
  • 8.10 Entering Formulas Directly
    • Entering formulas
    • Rules for formulas
    • Programming example
  • 8.11 String Parameters
    • String processing functions
    • Assigning string parameters
    • Chain-linking string parameters
    • Converting a numerical value to a string parameter
    • Copying a substring from a string parameter
    • Converting a string parameter to a numerical value
    • Checking a string parameter
    • Finding the length of a string parameter
    • Comparing alphabetic priority
    • Reading machine parameters
  • 8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
    • Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107
    • Active tool radius: Q108
    • Tool axis: Q109
    • Spindle status: Q110
    • Coolant on/off: Q111
    • Overlap factor: Q112
    • Unit of measurement for dimensions in the program: Q113
    • Tool length: Q114
    • Coordinates after probing during program run
    • Deviation between actual value and nominal value during automatic tool measurement with the TT 130
    • Tilting the working plane with mathematical angles: rotary axis coordinates calculated by the TNC
    • Measurement results from touch probe cycles (see also User’s Manual for Touch Probe Cycles)
  • 8.13 Programming Examples
• Programming: Miscellaneous Functions
  • 9.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP
    • Fundamentals
  • 9.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant
    • Overview
  • 9.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data
    • Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92
    • Moving to positions in a non-tilted coordinate system with a tilted working plane: M130
  • 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
    • Machining small contour steps: M97
    • Machining open contour corners: M98
    • Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103
    • Feed rate in millimeters per spindle revolution: M136
    • Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111
    • Calculating the radius-compensated path in advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120
    • Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118
    • Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140
    • Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141
    • Delete basic rotation: M143
    • Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop: M148
• Programming: Special Functions
  • 10.1 Overview of Special Functions
    • Main menu for SPEC FCT special functions
    • Program defaults menu
    • Functions for contour and point machining menu
    • Menu of various conversational functions
  • 10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W
    • Overview
    • FUNCTION PARAXCOMP DISPLAY
    • FUNCTION PARAXCOMP MOVE
    • FUNCTION PARAXCOMP OFF
    • FUNCTION PARAXMODE
    • FUNCTION PARAXMODE OFF
  • 10.3 File Functions
    • Application
    • Defining file functions
  • 10.4 Defining Coordinate Transformations
    • Overview
    • TRANS DATUM AXIS
    • TRANS DATUM TABLE
    • TRANS DATUM RESET
  • 10.5 Creating Text Files
    • Application
    • Opening and exiting text files
    • Editing texts
    • Deleting and re-inserting characters, words and lines
    • Editing text blocks
    • Finding text sections
• Programming: Multiple Axis Machining
  • 11.1 Functions for Multiple Axis Machining
  • 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
    • Introduction
    • Define the PLANE function
    • Position display
    • Reset the PLANE function
    • Defining the machining plane with spatial angles: PLANE SPATIAL
    • Defining the machining plane with projection angles: PROJECTED PLANE
    • Defining the machining plane with Euler angles: EULER PLANE
    • Defining the working plane with two vectors: VECTOR PLANE
    • Defining the working plane via three points: PLANE POINTS
    • Defining the machining plane with a single, incremental spatial angle: PLANE RELATIVE
    • Tilting the working plane through axis angle: PLANE AXIAL (FCL 3 function)
    • Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE function
  • 11.3 Inclined-Tool Machining in a Tilted Plane (Software Option 2)
    • Function
    • Inclined-tool machining via incremental traverse of a rotary axis
    • Inclined-tool machining via normal vectors
  • 11.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes
    • Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes A, B, C: M116 (software option 1)
    • Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126
    • Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°: M94
    • Maintaining the position of the tool tip when positioning with tilted axes (TCPM): M128 (software option 2)
    • Selecting tilting axes: M138
    • Compensating the machine’s kinematics configuration for ACTUAL/NOMINAL positions at end of block: M144 (software option 2)
  • 11.5 TCPM FUNCTION (Software Option 2)
    • Function
    • Defining the TCPM FUNCTION
    • Mode of action of the programmed feed rate
    • Interpretation of the programmed rotary axis coordinates
    • Type of interpolation between the starting and end position
    • Resetting the TCPM FUNCTION
  • 11.6 Three-Dimensional Tool Compensation (Software Option 2)
    • Introduction
    • Definition of a normalized vector
    • Permissible tool shapes
    • Using other tools: Delta values
    • 3-D compensation without TCPM
    • Face milling: 3-D compensation with TCPM
    • Peripheral milling: 3-D radius compensation with TCPM and radius compensation (RL/RR)
• Programming: Pallet Editor
  • 12.1 Pallet Editor
    • Application
    • Selecting a pallet table
    • Exiting the pallet file
    • Executing the pallet file
• Programming: Turning Operations
  • 13.1 Turning Operations on Milling Machines (Software Option 50)
    • Introduction
  • 13.2 Basis Functions (Software Option 50)
    • Switching between milling/turning mode of operation
    • Graphical display of turning operations
    • Programming the speed
    • Feed rate
    • Tool call
    • Tool compensation in the program
    • Tool data
    • Tool tip radius compensation TRC
    • Recessing and undercutting
    • Inclined turning
  • 13.3 Unbalance Functions
    • Unbalance while turning
    • Measure Unbalance cycle
• Manual Operation and Setup
  • 14.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off
    • Switch-on
    • Switch-off
  • 14.2 Moving the Machine Axes
    • Note
    • Moving the axis using the machine axis direction buttons
    • Incremental jog positioning
    • Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel
  • 14.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M
    • Application
    • Entering values
    • Changing the spindle speed and feed rate
    • Activating feed-rate limitation
  • 14.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
    • Note
    • Preparation
    • Workpiece presetting with axis keys
    • Datum management with the preset table
  • 14.5 Using the 3-D Touch Probe
    • Overview
    • Selecting touch probe cycles
    • Writing the measured values from touch probe cycles in datum tables
    • Writing the measured values from touch probe cycles in the preset table
  • 14.6 Calibrating a 3-D Touch Probe
    • Introduction
    • Calibrating the effective length
    • Calibrating the effective radius and compensating center misalignment
    • Displaying calibration values
  • 14.7 Compensating Workpiece Misalignment with a 3-D Touch Probe
    • Introduction
    • Measuring a basic rotation
    • Saving a basic rotation in the preset table
    • Displaying a basic rotation
    • Canceling a basic rotation
  • 14.8 Datum Setting with a 3-D Touch Probe
    • Overview
    • Datum setting in any axis
    • Corner as datum
    • Circle center as datum
    • Measuring workpieces with a 3-D touch probe
    • Using touch probe functions with mechanical probes or dial gauges
  • 14.9 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
    • Application, function
    • Traversing reference points in tilted axes
    • Position display in a tilted system
    • Limitations on working with the tilting function
    • Activating manual tilting
    • Setting the current tool-axis direction as the active machining direction
    • Setting the datum in a tilted coordinate system
• Positioning with Manual Data Input
  • 15.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations
    • Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
    • Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI
• Test Run and Program Run
  • 16.1 Graphics
    • Application
    • Setting the speed of the test run
    • Overview of display modes
    • Plan view
    • Projection in 3 planes
    • 3-D view
    • Magnifying details
    • Repeating graphic simulation
    • Displaying the tool
    • Measuring the machining time
    • 3-D line graphics
  • 16.2 Showing the Blank in the Working Space
    • Application
  • 16.3 Functions for Program Display
    • Overview
  • 16.4 Test Run
    • Application
  • 16.5 Program run
    • Application
    • Running a part program
    • Interrupting machining
    • Moving the machine axes during an interruption
    • Resuming program run after an interruption
    • Mid-program startup (block scan)
    • Returning to the contour
  • 16.6 Automatic Program Start
    • Application
  • 16.7 Optional block skip
    • Application
    • Inserting the "/" character
    • Erasing the "/" character
  • 16.8 Optional Program-Run Interruption
    • Application
• MOD Functions
  • 17.1 Selecting MOD Functions
    • Selecting the MOD functions
    • Changing the settings
    • Exiting the MOD functions
    • Overview of MOD functions
  • 17.2 Software Numbers
    • Application
  • 17.3 Entering Code Numbers
    • Application
  • 17.4 Setting the Data Interfaces
    • Serial interfaces on the TNC 640
    • Application
    • Setting the RS-232 interface
    • Setting the baud rate (baudRate)
    • Setting the protocol (protocol)
    • Setting the data bits (dataBits)
    • Parity check (parity)
    • Setting the stop bits (stopBits)
    • Setting the handshake (flowControl)
    • Settings for data transfer with the TNCserver PC software
    • Setting the operating mode of the external device (fileSystem)
    • Software for data transfer
  • 17.5 Ethernet Interface
    • Introduction
    • Connection possibilities
    • Configuring the TNC
  • 17.6 Position Display Types
    • Application
  • 17.7 Unit of Measurement
    • Application
  • 17.8 Displaying Operating Times
    • Application
• Tables and Overviews
  • 18.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
    • Application
  • 18.2 Pin Layouts and Connecting Cables for the Data Interfaces
    • RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN devices
    • Non-HEIDENHAIN devices
    • Ethernet interface RJ45 socket
  • 18.3 Technical Information
  • 18.4 Exchanging the Buffer Battery
  • Overview Tables
    • Fixed cycles
    • Miscellaneous functions
  • Comparison: Functions of the TNC 640 and the iTNC 530
    • Comparison: Specifications
    • Comparison: Data interfaces
    • Comparison: Accessories
    • Comparison: PC software
    • Comparison: Machine-specific functions
    • Comparison: User functions
    • Comparison: Cycles
    • Comparison: Miscellaneous functions
    • Comparison: Touch probe cycles in the Manual Operation and El. Handwheel modes
    • Comparison: Touch probe cycles for automatic workpiece inspection
    • Comparison: Differences in programming
    • Comparison: Differences in Test Run, functionality
    • Comparison: Differences in Test Run, operation
    • Comparison: Differences in Manual Operation, functionality
    • Comparison: Differences in Manual Operation, operation
    • Comparison: Differences in Program Run, operation
    • Comparison: Differences in Program Run, traverse movements
    • Comparison: Differences in MDI operation
    • Comparison: Differences in programming station