Document Outline

• AutoCode Reference
• Support
  • Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information
  • National Instruments Corporate Headquarters
  • Worldwide Offices
• Important Information
  • Warranty
  • Copyright
  • Trademarks
  • Patents
  • WARNING REGARDING USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS
• Conventions
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Introduction
  • Manual Organization
  • General Information
  • Configuration File
  • Language-Specific Information
  • Structure and Content of the Generated Code
  • Using MATRIXx Help
    • Additional Netscape Information
  • Related Publications
• Chapter 2 C Language Reference
  • Stand-Alone Simulation
    • Compiling on Various Supported Platforms
      • Table 2-1. Recognized C Preprocessor Defines for Supported Platforms
  • Stand-Alone Library
    • System-Specific Files
      • Table 2-2. Distribution Directories and Files
      • Table 2-3. Header Files
    • Target-Specific Utilities
      • Table 2-4. Target-Specific Utility Routines
      • enable( ), disable( ), and background( ) Functions
      • error( ) and fatalerr( ) Functions
      • fatalerr( ): Stand-Alone Utilities Detected Errors
      • ERROR: Conditions Detected in the Generated Code
      • Implementation_Initialize( ) Function
      • Implementation_Terminate( ) Function
      • External_Input ( ) Function
      • External_Output ( ) Function
  • UserCode Blocks
    • Linking Handwritten UCBs with AutoCode Applications
      • Figure 2-1. Example UserCode Function File (sa_user.c)
      • Implementing Handwritten UCBs
      • Table 2-5. UCB Calling Arguments and Data Types for the Fixed Interface
      • Figure 2-2. Linking Handwritten UCBs with AutoCode Applications
    • Linking Handwritten UCBs (for AutoCode) with SystemBuild
      • Figure 2-3. Linking Handwritten UCBs with the SystemBuild Simulator
    • Variable Interface UCB
      • Interface Ordering
      • Inputs and Outputs
      • Function Prototype
      • Linking a Variable Interface UCB with the Simulator
  • Procedure SuperBlocks
    • Generating Reusable Procedures
    • Linking Procedures with the SystemBuild Simulator
      • Figure 2-4. Linking Generated Reusable Procedures
    • Linking Procedures with Real-Time Applications or Simulator
      • Invoking Generated Procedures Directly
      • Figure 2-5. Arguments to Generated Procedure proc
      • Invoking Procedures Using Generated UCB Wrapper Function
      • Invoking Procedures Using Generated Subsystem Function
  • C Fixed-Point Arithmetic
    • Fixed-Point AutoCode/C Implementation
    • Generated Code with Fixed-Point Variables
    • Fixed-Point Data Types
      • Table 2-6. AutoCode/C Data Types
    • User Types
    • Overflow Protection
    • Stand-Alone Files
    • Macro Interface
    • Function Interface
    • Fixed-Point Conversion and Arithmetic Macros
      • Conversion Macros
      • Figure 2-6. AutoCode/C Conversion Macros for Fixed-to-Fixed Conversions
      • Figure 2-7. AutoCode/C Conversion Macros for Fixed-to-Integer Conversions
      • Figure 2-8. AutoCode/C Conversion Macros for Integer-to-Fixed Conversions
      • Arithmetic Macros
      • Figure 2-9. AutoCode/C Arithmetic Macros
      • Table 2-7. Arithmetic Macros-Operand and Result Sizes
      • Implementation of the Addition and Subtraction Macros
      • Selecting Wordsize Extension in the Preprocessor Macro
      • 32-Bit Multiplication and Division Macros
      • 32-Bit Multiplication
      • 32-Bit Division
      • 16-Bit by 8-Bit Division
      • 32-Bit by 16-Bit Division
    • Fixed-Point Relational Macros
      • Figure 2-10. AutoCode/C Relational Macros
    • Some Relevant Issues
• Chapter 3 Ada Language Reference
  • Stand-Alone Simulation
    • Supported Ada Compilers for the Stand-Alone Library
      • Table 3-1. Identified Ada Run-Time Versions of the Stand-Alone Library
  • Supplied Templates
    • ada_rt.tpl Template
    • ada_sim.tpl Template
    • ada_fxpt_sys.tpl Template
    • ada_fxpt_sub.tpl Template
  • Stand-Alone Library
    • System-Specific Files
      • Table 3-2. Distribution Directories and Files
      • Table 3-3. Target-Specific Utility Routines
      • Data Types
    • Target-Specific Utilities
      • Table 3-4. Target-Specific Utility Routines
      • Enable( ), Disable( ), and Background( ) Procedures
      • Error Procedure( ) Procedure
      • Implementation_Initialize( ) Procedure
      • Implementation_Terminate( ) Procedure
      • External_Input ( ) Procedure
      • External_Output( ) Procedure
  • UserCode Blocks
    • Linking Handwritten UCBs with AutoCode Applications
    • Calling UCBs
      • Table 3-5. UCB Calling Arguments and Data Types
  • Procedure SuperBlocks
    • Generating Reusable Procedures
    • Linking Procedures with Real-Time Applications or Simulator
  • Ada Fixed-Point Arithmetic
    • How to Generate Real-Time Code
    • Fixed-Point AutoCode/Ada Architecture
      • Fixed-Point Data Types
      • Generic Functions
      • Instantiated Functions
      • Package Dependencies
      • Figure 3-1. Package Dependency Graph
    • Generated Code with Fixed-Point Variables
    • User Types
      • System-Level Parameters to Generate User Types
      • Table 3-6. System-Level Parameters to Generate User Types
    • Overflow Protection
    • Stand-Alone Files
      • Table 3-7. Fixed-Point Stand-Alone Files
    • Compilation Example
    • Fixed-Point Type Declarations
      • Table 3-8. Fixed-Point Data Type Summary
    • Generic Functions
      • Table 3-9. Generic Function Summary
    • Bit-Wise Functions
    • Instantiated Functions Package
      • Operator Instantiations
      • Conversion Function Instantiations
      • Table 3-10. Conversion Function Naming Conventions
      • Sample Package
    • Addition and Subtraction Functions
    • Multiplication and Division Functions
      • 32-Bit Multiplication
      • 32-Bit Division
    • Conversion Functions
      • Language-Defined Conversion
      • Truncation Conversion
      • Explicit Rounding Conversion
    • Using System-Level Parameters to Generate Instantiations
    • Using Subsystem-Level Parameters to Generate Instantiations
      • System Scope Operators and Conversions
    • Known Ada Compiler Problems
    • Comparing Results to SystemBuild’s Simulator
      • Table 3-11. Possible Midpoint Round Modes
    • No-Op Conversion Function
• Chapter 4 Generating Code for Real-Time Operating Systems
  • Real-Time Operating System Configuration File
    • Configuration Items
    • Table Syntax
      • Table Naming Convention
      • Table Column Contents
      • Table Orderings
      • File Comments
    • RTOS Configuration File Contents
      • Processors Table
      • Table 4-1. Processors Table Contents
      • Scheduler Priority Table
      • Table 4-2. Scheduler Priority Table Contents
      • Subsystem Table
      • Table 4-3. Subsystem Table Contents
      • Interrupt Procedure SuperBlock Table
      • Table 4-4. Interrupt Table Contents
      • Background Procedure SuperBlock Table
      • Table 4-5. Background Table Contents
      • Startup Procedure SuperBlock Table
      • Table 4-6. Startup Table Contents
      • Processor IP Name Table
      • Table 4-7. Processor IP Table Contents
      • Version Table
      • Table 4-8. Version Table Contents
    • Using the Configuration File
• Chapter 5 Generated Code Architecture
  • Symbolic Name Creation
    • Default Names
    • Signal Naming
    • Duplicate Names
    • Selection of a Signal Name
      • Subsystem and Procedure Boundaries
    • Typecheck Feature and Data Types
  • Global Storage
    • Percent vars (%var)
    • Global Variable Blocks
      • Sequencing Variable Blocks
      • Global Variable Block and %var Equivalence
      • Optimization for Read-From Variable Blocks
    • Global Scope Signal Capability
  • Subsystems
    • Discrete and Continuous SuperBlocks Versus Subsystems
      • Top-Level SuperBlock
    • Block Ordering
    • Interface Layers
      • Figure 5-1. Interface Layering Diagram
    • Scheduler External Interface Layer
    • System External Interface Layer
    • Discrete Subsystem Interface Layer
      • Single-Rate System
      • Multi-Rate System
      • Sample and Hold
    • Static Data Within Subsystems
      • iinfo
      • R_P and I_P
      • State Data
      • Procedure Data
    • Pre-init Phase
    • Init, Output, and State Phases
    • Copy Back and Duplicates
    • Error Handling
  • Standard Procedures
    • Structure-Based Interface
    • Unrolled Interface
    • Phases and Error Handling
    • Referenced Percent Variables
    • Procedure Arguments
      • U, Y, S, and I
      • Table 5-1. Description of Element iinfo in Structure _procedure name_info
      • Table 5-2. Description of Element rinfo in Structure _procedure name_info
    • Extended Procedure Information Structure
      • Caller Identification
      • Table 5-3. Procedure Ordering
      • Compatibility Issues
  • Macro Procedure
    • Interface
  • Asynchronous Procedures
    • Interrupt
    • Background
    • Startup
      • Changing %var Values During Startup
  • Condition Block
    • Default Mode
    • No-Default Mode
    • Sequential Mode
  • BlockScript Block
    • Inputs and Outputs
    • Environment Variables
    • Local Variables
    • Init, Output, and State Phases
      • Default Phase
    • States
      • Local Variables and Phases
      • Discrete Semantics
      • Continuous Semantics
    • Looping Concepts
      • Terminology
      • Loops and Scalar Code
      • Rolling Loops with Scalar Code Generation
      • Vectorized Code
      • Types of Loops
      • Table 5-4. Scalar Code Semantics for the Loop Types
      • Table 5-5. Vectorized Code Semantics for the Loop Types
      • Examples of Rolled and Unrolled Loops
    • Parameters
      • Using Parameters Instead of States in a Discrete Model
    • Optimizations
      • Constant Propagation/Hard-Coding
      • Dead Code Elimination
      • Implicit Type Conversion
    • Special Directives
      • Table 5-6. BlockScript Special Directives
  • UserCode Block
    • Phases of the UCB
    • Indirect Terms
    • Parameterized UCB Callout
  • Software Constructs
    • IfThenElse Block
    • WHILE Block
    • BREAK Block
    • CONTINUE Block
    • Local Variable Block
    • Sequencer Block
  • Difference Between Local and Global Variable Blocks
    • Scope
    • Lifetime
  • Continuous Subsystem
    • Explicit Phases
    • Integrator
    • Limitations
  • Multiprocessor Code Generation
    • Shared Memory Architecture
    • Distributed Memory Architecture
    • Shared Memory Callouts
      • Callout Naming Convention
    • Mapping Command Options
    • Fixed-Point Support for Multiprocessor AutoCode
    • Definitions and Conventions
      • Shared Memory Fixed-Point Callouts in AutoCode/C
    • Shared Variable Block Support
      • Shared Memory Callout Option
    • Global Variable Block Callouts
      • Callout Pairs
      • Non-Shared (Local) Global Variable Blocks
      • Shared Global Variable Blocks
• Chapter 6 Vectorized Code Generation
  • Introduction
    • How Code Is Generated
      • Scalar Gain Block Example
      • Vectorized Gain Block Example
      • Array Subscripts
    • Signal Connectivity
      • Block Outputs
      • Block Inputs
      • Figure 6-1. Poorly Connected Gain Block
  • Vectorization Modes
    • Maximal Vectorization
    • Mixed Vectorization
      • Vector Labels and Names
    • Example
      • Figure 6-2. Example Model Diagram
  • Vectorization Features
    • Multiple Arrays within a Block
      • Figure 6-3. Multiple Array Mode
    • Split-Merge Inefficiency
      • Split Vector
      • Figure 6-4. Example of a Split Vector
      • Merge
      • Figure 6-5. Complete Split-Merge Diagram
    • External Outputs
      • Copy-Back
      • Figure 6-6. Copy-Back Example
      • Eliminating Copy-Back
      • Other Copy-Back Scenarios
    • Vectorized Standard Procedure Interface
      • Figure 6-7. Vectorized Procedure Interface
    • Ada Array Aggregates and Slices
  • Vectorization of the BlockScript Block
  • Matrix Outputs
• Chapter 7 Code Optimization
  • Read from Variable Blocks
  • Restart Capability
  • Merging INIT Sections
  • Reuse of Temporary Block Outputs
    • Reuse Temporaries as Specified
    • Maximal Reuse of Temporaries
  • Constant Propagation
  • Optimizing with Matrix Blocks
    • Optimizing with Constant Blocks
    • Optimizing with Callout Blocks
      • Optimizing with Inverse Blocks
      • Optimizing with Division Blocks
      • Table 7-1. Optimization Table for Callout Blocks
  • Summary
• Chapter 8 AutoCode Sim Cdelay Scheduler
  • Introduction
  • Task Posting Policies
  • Standard AutoCode Scheduler
    • Figure 8-1. Model with Enabled and Triggered Tasks
    • Figure 8-2. Latencies Present in Default AutoCode Scheduler
    • Scheduler Pipeline
      • Figure 8-3. Scheduler Pipeline Stages in the Standard AutoCode Scheduler
    • Managing DataStores in the Scheduler
      • Figure 8-4. Scheduler Pipeline Stages in the Sim Cdelay AutoCode Scheduler
  • Sim Cdelay Scheduler
  • State Transition Diagrams of Tasks under Sim Cdelay
    • Figure 8-5. New STD for Free-Running Periodic Tasks
    • Figure 8-6. New STD for ATR Triggered Tasks
    • Figure 8-7. New STD for ATR Triggered Tasks
  • Implementing the Sim Cdelay AutoCode Scheduler
    • Implementation Details
    • DataStore Priority Problem
  • Using the Sim Cdelay Scheduler
    • Figure 8-8. Latencies Present in the AutoCode Scheduler
  • Template Configuration for Enhanced Performance
    • Figure 8-9. Alternative (Old Enable Policy) STD for an Enabled Task
  • Shortcomings of the Sim Cdelay Scheduler
• Chapter 9 Global Scope Signals and Parameterless Procedures
  • Introduction
  • Data Monitoring/Injection
    • Specifying Monitored Signals
    • Generating Code for Monitored Signals
    • Limitations
      • Unsupported Blocks
      • Connection to External Output
      • Variable Block Aliasing
      • Monitored Signals within a Procedure SuperBlock
      • Monitoring Procedure External Outputs
  • Parameterless Procedure
    • Specifying Parameterless Procedure Interface
      • Input Specification
      • Output Specification
    • Using a Parameterless Procedure
      • Global-to-Global Input Connection
      • Global Output Connection
    • Condition Block Code Generation
    • Reusing a Parameterless Procedure
    • Generating Code for Parameterless Procedures
    • Issues and Limitations
      • Communication Between Subsystems
      • Variable Blocks Versus Global Scope
      • SystemBuild Simulator
      • Connection to External Output
    • Recommendations
      • Naming Convention
      • Model Documentation
      • Explicit Sequencing
      • Analyzer and AutoCode Warnings
      • Changing Scope Class
  • Command Options
• Appendix A Technical Support and Professional Services
• Index
  • A-C
  • D-F
  • G
  • H-K
  • L-P
  • R-S
  • T
  • U-W
  • X-Y