Ivoclar Vivadent IPS e.max Ceram - Manual (Page 6)

6
Firing behaviour and firing process
Shade stability
IPS e.max Ceram is a low-fusing nano-fluorapatite glass-ceramic. The new material generation contains nano-fluorapatite
crystals and demonstrates a crystal structure similar to that of vital teeth. Depending on the type of layering material, this
permits a unique and adjustable combination of translucency, brightness and opalescence which is characterized by a high
stability of shape and shade, even after several firing procedures. The following images of fired tabs show the shade
stability of IPS e.max Ceram Dentin A3 after several firing procedures. Even after ten firings, no obvious shade difference
to the original tab is visible. After three firings, the shade of the tab already corresponds with that of the fired restoration
(2 Dentin/Incisal firings and 1 Glaze firing).
The high shade stability is particularly important for the Opal materials (Opal Effect 1), which are predominantly used in
the incisal area, in order not to obtain a lifeless, greyish incisal third, even after several firing procedures. The following
images show an Opal Effect 1 tab after 10 firings. There are no visible differences as regards the opalescence and
brightness.
Burn-out behaviour
Given the low transformation point of low-fusing ceramic materials, the burn-out of the organic components in the build-
up liquids occurs in a shorter time frame than that of high- and medium-fusing ceramics. If build-up liquids other than the
IPS e.max Ceram Liquids are used, therefore, there is a risk of incomplete burn-out and thus discolouration of the restora-
tion (e.g. cloudiness, greying). The following images show fired IPS e.max Ceram clear tabs for which different build-up
liquids were used. With certain liquids, the discolouration is clearly visible. Therefore, Ivoclar Vivadent recommends using
only the liquids contained in the IPS e.max Ceram Kits. If silver dust is used to design the surface, make sure that it is
completely removed during cleaning. If this is not done, discolouration (e.g. yellowish) may occur after glaze firing.
Transmitted light Incident light
Transmitted light Incident light
1x 3x 5x 7x 10x 1x 3x 5x 7x 10x
1x 3x 5x 7x 10x 1x 3x 5x 7x 10x
IPS e.max Ceram
Build-Up Liquid
allround or soft Competitive Liquid A
Grey residue Competitive Liquid B
Grey residue Competitive Liquid C
Cloudiness Competitive Liquid D
Cloudiness