Chopper technology, Theory of operation, Chopper technology fundamentals – Lincoln Electric VANTAGE 400 User Manual
Page 47
THEORY OF OPERATION
E-7
E-7
VANTAGE® 400
CHOPPER TECHNOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS
The new era of welding machines such as the
Vantage® 500, employ a technology whereby a DC
source is turned on and off (chopped up) at high speed,
then smoothed through an inductor to control an arc.
Hence the name “Chopper.” The biggest advantage®
of chopper technology is the high-speed control of the
arc, similar to the inverter machines. A block diagram
for this is as follows:
In this system, the engine drives a three-phase alter-
nator, which generates power that is rectified and
filtered to produce about 75VDC. The current is
applied through a solid state switch to an inductor. By
turning the switch on and off, current in the inductor
and the arc can be controlled. The following diagram
depicts the current flow in the system when the switch
is open and closed.
When the switch is closed, current is applied through
the inductor to the arc. When the switch opens, current
stored in the inductor sustains flow in the arc and
through the diode. The repetition rate of switch closure
is 20Khz, which allows ultra-fast control of the arc. By
varying the ratio of on time versus off time of the switch
(Duty Cycle), the current applied to the arc is con-
trolled. This is the basis for Chopper Technology:
Controlling the switch in such a way as to produce
superior welding.
EXTERNAL
DC SOURCE
INDUCTOR
AND DIODE
ARC
ARC
CONTROL
SOLID STATE
SWITCH
INDUCTOR
SWITCH
DIODE
ARC
CURRENT WITH SWITCH OPEN
CURRENT WITH SWITCH CLOSED
70-80VDC