Ag-Bag MB7010HyPac User Manual
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Appendix B
Ag-Bag International, Ltd.
MB7010 HyPac November 2003
Acid detergent fiber (ADF): Fiber measurement
extracted with acidic detergent in a technique
employed to help appraise the quality of forages.
Includes cellulose, lignin, ADIN, and acid-insoluble
ash. ADF is highly correlated with cell wall
digestibility. The higher the ADF, the lower the
digestibility or available energy.
Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN):
Protein or nitrogen that has become chemically
linked to carbohydrates to form an indigestible
compound. Also referred to as an insoluble crude
protein.
Adjusted crude protein (ACP): Protein content
adjusted for the amount of heat-damaged protein.
Used in place of CP when ADIN makes up more
than 10% of the CP content of a feed.
Amino acids: Building blocks of proteins. Used
extensively for milk and muscle protein synthesis,
as well as glucose synthesis in the liver.
Ammonia: A colorless nitrogen compound
produced as protein and nonprotein nitrogen
degrades or breaks down in the rumen. It can be
used to synthesize bacterial protein.
Anion: A negatively charged ion or particle, such
as chloride or sulfate. Anionic salts are nutritionally
important in dry cow rations to aid in the prevention
of milk fever.
Ash: The mineral matter present in feed. It is
measured by burning the sample at 500°C until all
organic matter is burned and removed.
Cation: A positively charged ion or particle.
Cellulose: The principle carbohydrate constituent
of plant cell membranes. It is made available to
ruminants through the action of cellulolytic bacteria
in the rumen.
Carbohydrates (CHO): Includes the sugars,
starch, cellulose, gums, and related substances.
Carbohydrates are the largest component in the
dairy cow diet and contribute 60 to 70 percent of
the net energy used for milk production. Their
abbreviation, CHO, indicates that they contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Concentrate: A broad classification of feedstuffs
that are high in energy and low in crude fiber (less
than 18 percent). Included are cereal grains,
soybean oil meal, cottonseed meal, and by-
products of the milling industry such as corn gluten
and wheat bran. A concentrate may be low or rich
in protein.
Crude fiber (CF): That portion of feedstuffs
composed of polysaccharides such as cellulose,
hemicellulose, and lignin. These serve as structural
and protective parts of plants (high in forages and
low in grains). CF is no longer considered a viable
measurement.
Crude protein (CP): Total protein in a feed. To
calculate the protein percentage, a feed is first
chemically analyzed for nitrogen content. Since
proteins average approximately 16 percent
nitrogen, the percentage of nitrogen in the analysis
is multiplied by 6.25 to give the percent CP.
Degradable intake protein (DIP): Protein or
nitrogen that is degraded in the rumen by
microorganisms and incorporated into microbial
protein or freed as ammonia.
Dry matter (DM): That part of feed which is not
water.
Ensilage: Forage preserved by fermentation in a
bag, silo, pit, bunker or stack, usually in chopped
form. Also called silage.
Fiber: The cellulose portion of roughages (forages)
that is low in TDN and hard to digest by
monogastric animals.
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