Innovate Motorsports LM-1 Digital Air/Fuel Ratio (Lambda) Meter - Manual (Page 17)

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10. Advanced Topics
10.1. Connecting the LM-1 to simulate a narrow band oxygen
sensor.
It is possible to install the wide-band sensor in place of the OEM oxygen sensor. In this case the
meter's analog output signal will replace the OEM oxygen sensor's signal to the fuel injection
computer. EFI equipped cars typically incorporate a narrow band oxygen sensor. These sensors
are typically 1, 2, 3 or 4 wire sensors.
The analog output connector of the LM-1 can simulate the operation of a narrow band sensor
while the wide-band oxygen sensor is installed in place of the OEM narrow-band sensor. Factory
equipped Analog output 1 of the LM-1 is programmed to simulate a narrow band sensor. Some
vehicles are equipped with oxygen sensors that do not produce an output voltage but change
their resistance depending on exhaust gas content. These sensors cannot be simulated. They
are used in less than 1% of all vehicles. Refer to your vehicles specifications if you think that
your vehicle may be in this category. The same is true for vehicles already factory equipped with
a wide-band oxygen sensor. These cannot be simulated either.
Some EFI-computers will create a fault when the heater power wires of the oxygen sensor are
disconnected. In this case mount the old oxygen sensor in a safe place (but not necessarily in the
exhaust) and connect the heater wires to it to keep the EFI-computer happy.
Be careful where you mount the stock sensor, as heated sensors will get
hot.
To connect the LM-1 to the EFI-computer, first determine what kind of narrow band sensor is
used, then follow the instructions below (you will need a digital multimeter to determine correct
OEM sensor wires):
a. Vehicle has a 1-wire sensor:
Wire analog output 1 directly to the wire.
b. Vehicle has a 2-wire sensor:
While the engine is off determine which of the 2 wires has a low resistance between the wire and
the sensor body. This is the heater power for the sensor. Wire analog output 1 directly to the
other wire. Leave the heater power wire unconnected but make sure it cannot ground itself or see
above.
c. Vehicle has a 3-wire sensor:
Typically the 3 wires are: heater power, Ground, and sensor element connection.
Generally they have 1 black wire and 2 white wires. Connect the black wire from the EFI
computer to analog output 1 of the meter. Leave the other wires unconnected but make sure they
cannot contact any metal parts or see above. If the wiring colors are different, then heater power
can simply be determined by measuring the voltage on the wires when the engine is running. The
wire showing 12V or more is the heater power. The sensor element connection voltage fluctuates
around 0.45V when the car is warmed up. Wire analog output 1 directly to this wire. The Ground
connection has low resistance to chassis ground (less than 1 Ohm). Measure while the engine is
off.
d. Vehicle has a 4-wire sensor
Typically the 4 wires are: heater power, heater ground, sensor ground, and sensor element
connection. Proceed as for the 3-wire sensor.