Rainbow Electronics ATmega32L - Manual (Page 39)

39
ATmega32(L)
2503C–AVR–10/02
Internal Voltage
Reference ATmega32 features an internal bandgap reference. This reference is used for Brown-
out Detection, and it can be used as an input to the Analog Comparator or the ADC. The
2.56V reference to the ADC is generated from the internal bandgap reference.
Voltage Reference Enable
Signals and Start-up Time The voltage reference has a start-up time that may influence the way it should be used.
The start-up time is given in Table 16. To save power, the reference is not always turned
on. The reference is on during the following situations:
1. When the BOD is enabled (by programming the BODEN Fuse).
2. When the bandgap reference is connected to the Analog Comparator (by setting
the ACBG bit in ACSR).
3. When the ADC is enabled.
Thus, when the BOD is not enabled, after setting the ACBG bit or enabling the ADC, the
user must always allow the reference to start up before the output from the Analog Com-
parator or ADC is used. To reduce power consumption in Power-down mode, the user
can avoid the three conditions above to ensure that the reference is turned off before
entering Power-down mode.
Watchdog Timer The Watchdog Timer is clocked from a separate On-chip Oscillator which runs at 1
MHz. This is the typical value at V
CC
= 5V. See characterization data for typical values at
other V
CC
levels. By controlling the Watchdog Timer prescaler, the Watchdog Reset
interval can be adjusted as shown in Table 17 on page 40. The WDR – Watchdog Reset
– instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. The Watchdog Timer is also reset when it is
disabled and when a Chip Reset occurs. Eight different clock cycle periods can be
selected to determine the reset period. If the reset period expires without another
Watchdog Reset, the ATmega32 resets and executes from the Reset Vector. For timing
details on the Watchdog Reset, refer to page 38.
To prevent unintentional disabling of the Watchdog, a special turn-off sequence must be
followed when the Watchdog is disabled. Refer to the description of the Watchdog Timer
Control Register for details.
Figure 21. Watchdog Timer
Table 16. Internal Voltage Reference Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units
V
BG
Bandgap reference voltage 1.15 1.23 1.35 V
t
BG
Bandgap reference start-up time 40 70 µs
I
BG
Bandgap reference current consumption 10 µA
WATCHDOG
OSCILLATOR