Acoustica Mixcraft 7 - Manual (Page 120)

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MIDI CONTROLLERS
A controller is another type of MIDI message that controls other parameters. The most
commonly used controllers are Modulation and Pitch Wheel. A standard MIDI piano
keyboard has two wheels that correspond to modulation and pitch wheel (pitch bend).
 Modulation
This is also known as vibrato and will usually cause the pitch to oscillate around
the note. However, it depends on the synthesizer being used. Modulation has a
value of 0 to 127. (127 is the most extreme modulation)
 Pitch Wheel (Pitch Bend)
This controller usually bends the pitch up or down a half step in pitch. However,
it depends on the synthesizer being used. Pitch wheel or pitch bend has a value
from -8191 to 8192.
 Other Controllers
There are many other controllers allowing real-time variance of synth parameters.
These are assigned a number value of 0 to 127 (corresponding to the controller);
many are standardized. For example, MIDI controller #7 always controls volume.