Rockwell Automation Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear User Manual
Rockwell Automation Equipment
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Table of contents
Document Outline
- LVSAM-WP001A-EN-P April 2009_HQ.pdf
- 0
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- 1 Load characteristics and utilization categories
- 1.1 Utilization categories simplify the selection of devices
- 1.2 Electrical heating devices
- 1.3 Lamps and illumination equipment
- 1.4 Transformers
- 1.5 Reactive power compensation and switching of capacitors
- 1.6 Control circuits, semiconductor load and electromagnetic load
- 1.7 Three-phase asynchronous motors
- 2 Switching tasks and selecting the appropriate switchgear
- 2.1 Electrical equipment complying with standards and matching the application requirements
- 2.2 Basic switching tasks and criteria for device selection
- 2.2.1 Device types
- 2.2.1.1 Disconnectors (isolating switches)
- 2.2.1.2 Load switches
- 2.2.1.3 Switch disconnectors
- 2.2.1.4 Circuit breakers
- 2.2.1.5 Supply disconnecting devices
- 2.2.1.6 Supply disconnecting EMERGENCY STOP devices
- 2.2.1.7 Summary supply disconnect and EMERGENCY STOP devices
- 2.2.1.8 Fuses
- 2.2.1.9 Devices for thermal protection
- 2.2.1.10 Contactors
- 2.2.1 Device types
- 2.3 Parameters for the correct selection and sizing
- 2.3.1 Rated isolation voltage Ui
- 2.3.2 Rated operational voltage Ue, rated operational current Ie and utilization category
- 2.3.3 Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp
- 2.3.4 Short-circuit withstand capacity and short-circuit protection
- 2.3.5 Thermal protection
- 2.3.6 Life span
- 2.3.7 Intermittent and short-time duty, permissible frequency of operation
- 2.3.8 Rated frequency and harmonics
- 2.3.9 Safety clearances
- 2.3.10 Mounting position
- 2.3.11 Protective separation
- 2.3.12 Site altitude
- 2.3.13 Shock and vibration
- 2.4 Specific application conditions and switching tasks
- 2.4.1 Parallel and series connection of poles
- 2.4.2 AC switchgear in DC applications
- 2.4.3 Applications at supply frequencies < 50 Hz and > 60 Hz. Effect of harmonics
- 2.4.3.1 Effect of the supply frequency on the thermal load
- 2.4.3.2 Effect of the supply frequency on the switching capacity
- 2.4.3.3 Performance of release units at supply frequencies < 50 Hz and > 60 Hz
- 2.4.3.4 Switchgear used with soft starters
- 2.4.3.5 Switchgear for use with frequency converters (inverters)
- 2.4.4 Application of four-pole switchgear devices
- 2.4.5 Application of circuit breakers in IT networks
- 2.4.6 Switchgear for safety applications
- 2.4.7 Installations in hazardous atmospheres
- 3 Starting and switching motors
- 3.1 Selection criteria
- 3.2 Direct starting of squirrel-cage induction motors
- 3.3 Star-delta (Y-Δ, wye-delta) starting
- 3.3.1 Normal star-delta starting
- 3.3.2 Motor connection for clockwise and counterclockwise direction of rotation
- 3.3.3 Influence of the third harmonic on motor protection relays
- 3.3.4 Uninterrupted star-delta starting (closed transition)
- 3.3.5 Amplified star-delta starting
- 3.3.6 Part-winding star-delta starting
- 3.4 Auto-transformer starting
- 3.5 Starting via chokes or resistors
- 3.6 Stator resistance soft starting
- 3.7 Pole-changing motors
- 3.8 Starting wound-rotor motors
- 3.9 Electronic soft starters
- 3.9.1 Voltage ramp versus current limitation
- 3.9.2 Voltage ramp
- 3.9.3 Kickstart
- 3.9.4 Current limitation
- 3.9.5 Soft stop
- 3.9.6 Soft starters for pump controls
- 3.9.7 Motor braking
- 3.9.8 Positioning speed and controlled braking
- 3.9.9 Linear acceleration and deceleration by speed feedback
- 3.9.10 Direct start with full voltage
- 3.10 Frequency converters
- 4 Protection
- 4.1 Protection requirements
- 4.1.1 Protection against electric shock
- 4.1.2 Protection against overload and excess temperature
- 4.1.2.1 Different loading curves of various kinds of electrical equipment
- 4.1.2.2 Protection in continuous duty and at transient loads
- 4.1.2.3 Overload and overtemperature protection by measurement of current and measurement of temperature
- 4.1.2.4 Protective functions
- 4.1.2.5 Display, warning and control functions
- 4.1.3 Protection against high overcurrents, short-circuit protection
- 4.2 Protective devices
- 4.2.1 Fuses
- 4.2.2 Circuit breakers
- 4.2.3 Miniature Circuit Breakers MCB
- 4.2.4 Motor protection relays (overload relays)
- 4.1 Protection requirements
- 5 Control circuits
- 6 Considerations when building control systems and switchgear assemblies
- 6.1 Temperature rise
- 6.2 Short-circuit withstand capacity