2N BRI Lite/Enterprise v1.8 - Manual (Page 24)

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2N TELEKOMUNIKACE a.s., www.2n.cz
®
2.4 IP Voice Transmission
Speech Encoding Methods
Voice transmission is strictly separated from signalling in VoIP networks. Modern VoIP
networks mostly use the RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol) for voice transmission. The
purpose of the RTP is only to transmit data (voice) from a source to a destination at
real time. Codecs are used to save the channel data capacity. Codecs process the voice
signal using variable algorithms to minimise the volume of user data. The degree of
compression used by the codec affects the quality of voice transmission. Thus, the
better voice transmission is required, the wider data range (the higher transmission
rate) is needed. The MOS (Mean Opinion Score) scale is used for rating voice
transmission quality, where 1 means the worst and 5 the best quality. For a survey of
the codecs supported by
gateway refer to the table below. 2N BRI
®
Codecs supported
Standard Algorithm
Transmission rate
[kbps]
MOS
G.711a PCM 64 4.1
G.711u PCM 64 4.1
G.729 G.729 is an optional part of the
system.
CS–ACELP 8 3.92
For gateway, quadruple the above mentioned rates (two fully duplex calls) 2N BRI
®
and add the TCP and IP header transmission rate to the result to get the resultant
transmission rate.
It is important to keep both a stable appropriate transmission rate during connection
and a small and identical transmission time per data packet in order to maintain a
high-quality voice transmission.
G.711 – this codec is used in digital telephone networks. The PCM (Pulse Code
Modulation) is used for voice signal encoding. The sampled signal is encoded in
12 bits and then compressed using a non-linear scheme into the resultant 8 bits.
Europe uses the A-law compression system while North America and Japan obey
the µ-law. The resultant data flow is 64 kbps.
G.729
– this codec uses the CS-ACELP (Conjugate-Structure
Algebraic-Code-Excited Linear-Prediction) algorithm with the resultant
transmission rate of 8 kbps. The speech signal is split into blocks of 10 ms each.
The parameters of these blocks are then inserted in frames of the size of 10
bytes. 2-byte frames are generated for noise transmission.
During call set-up, a codec is selected automatically for voice transmission. g 2N BRI
®
ateway supports the codecs included in the table above. The type of codec to be used
depends on your VoIP network (individual devices) and your
gateway 2N BRI
®
configuration. gateway is designed primarily for VoIP corporate networks and 2N BRI
®
tries to meet the opponent's codec requirements. If a codec is requested that is
incompatible with
, the call will be rejected. 2N BRI Enterprise
®
The SIP and ITU-T H.323 recommended protocols are mostly used for connection
establishing, maintaining and cancelling.
gateway uses the (Session 2N BRI
®
SIP
Initiation Protocol) signalling.