Rockwell Automation 1771-IXE/D Thermocouple/Millivolt Input Module User Manual - Manual (Page 65)

Data Table Formats C–3
Publication 1771-6.5.130 Ć May 1999
First, the two’s complement method places an extra bit (sign bit) in
the left–most position, and lets this bit determine whether the
number is positive or negative. The number is positive if the sign bit
is 0 and negative if the sign bit is 1. Using the complement method:
0 10110 = 22
To get the negative using the two’s complement method, you must
invert each bit from right to left after the first ”1” is detected.
In the above example:
0 10110 = +22
Its two’s complement would be:
1 01010 = –22
Note that in the above representation for +22, starting from the right,
the first digit is a 0 so it is not inverted; the second digit is a 1 so it is
not inverted. All digits after this one are inverted.
If a negative number is given in two’s complement, its complement
(a positive number) is found in the same way:
1 10010 = –14
0 01110 = +14
All bits from right to left are inverted after the first ”1” is detected.
The two’s complement of 0 is not found, since no first ”1” is ever
encountered in the number. The two’s complement of 0 then is still 0.