Ag-Bag MB7010HyPac - Manual (Page 131)

16
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HE
3M’
S OF
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ILAGE
Appendix B
Ag-Bag International, Ltd.
MB7010 HyPac November 2003
Forage: The vegetative portion of plants in a fresh,
dried, or ensiled state which is fed to livestock.
Grasses and legumes cut at the proper stage of
maturity and stored to preserve quality.
Green chop (fresh forage): Forages harvested
(cut and chopped) in the field and fed directly to
livestock. Also called zero grazing or soilage.
Hay: Dried forage (grasses, alfalfa, clovers) used
for feeding farm animals.
High-moisture silage: Silage containing 70
percent or more moisture.
Legume: Clovers, alfalfa, and similar crops that
can absorb nitrogen directly from the atmosphere
through action of bacteria that live in their roots
and use it as a nutrient for growth.
Lignin: A compound which, with cellulose, forms
the cell walls of plants. It is practically indigestible.
Lipid: Any one of a group of organic substances
that are insoluble in water though soluble in alcohol,
eter, chloroform, and other fat solvents, and have
a greasy feel. They are rich sources of dietary
energy.
Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN): Used by rumen
microorganisms to synthesize protein.
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF): A measurement
of fiber after digesting in a nonacidic, nonalkaline
detergent as an aid in determining quality of
forages. Contains the fibers in ADF, plus
hemicellulose.
Nitrogen balance: Nitrogen in the food consumed
minus nitrogen in feces and nitrogen in urine
(nitrogen retention).
Nitrogen-free extract (NFE): Consisting of
carbohydrates, sugars, starches, and a major
portion of materials classed as hemicellulose in
feeds. When crude protein, fat, water, ash, and
fiber are added and the sum is subtracted from
100, the difference is NFE.
Nonfiber carbohydrates: The highly digestible
carbohydrate fraction of feeds consisting of starch
, sugar, and pectin. Subtracting percent (DM basis)
NDF, CP, ether extract (fat) and ash from 100
provides as estimate of NFC percent in feeds.
(NFC%=100 n [%NDF + %CP + %fat + %ash])
Protein equivalent: A term indicating the total
nitrogen content of a substance in comparison with
the nitrogen content of protein (usually plant). For
example, the nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)
compounded, urea, contains approximately 45
percent nitrogen and has a protein equivalent of
281 percent (6.25 x 45 percent).
Ration: The amount of feed supplied to an animal
for a definitive period, usually 24 hours.
Relative feed value (RFV): Developed primarily
for use with legume or legume/grass forages, RFV
combines digestibility and intake estimates into one
number for an easy and effective way to identify
and market quality hay. RFV is expressed as a
percent compared to full bloom alfalfa at 100
percent RFV.
Roughage: Consists of pasture, silage, hay, or
other dry fodder. It may be of high or low quality.
Roughages are usually high in crude fiber (more
than 18 percent) and relatively lower in NFE
(approximately 40 percent).
Saturated fatty acids: A completely hydrogenated
fat, each carbon atom is associated with the
maximum number of hydrogen; there are not
double bonds. Saturated fatty acids are solid at
room temperature. Tallow is an example of a
saturated fat, although approximately 50 percent
of the fatty acids are unsaturated. Saturated fats
tend to have less detrimental effects on rumen
fermentation than unsaturated fats.
Silage: Green forage, such as grass or clover, or
fodder, such as field corn or sorghum, that is
chopped and compacted into a feed storage bag,
silo, or bunker to create an anaerobic or air-free
environment and undergoes an acid fermentation
(lactic and acetic acids) that retards spoilage.
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