H3C Technologies H3C S12500 Series Switches - Manual (Page 152)

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1. Host A sends an NS message whose source address is the unspecified address and whose
destination address is the corresponding solicited-node multicast address of the IPv6 address to be
detected. The NS message contains the IPv6 address.
2. If Host B uses this IPv6 address, Host B returns an NA message. The NA message contains the IPv6
address of Host B.
3. Host A learns that the IPv6 address is being used by Host B after receiving the NA message from
Host B. If receiving no NA message, Host A decides that the IPv6 address is not in use and uses this
address.
Router/prefix discovery and address autoconfiguration
Router/prefix discovery enables a node to locate the neighboring routers and to learn from the received
RA message configuration parameters such as the prefix of the network where the node is located.
Stateless address autoconfiguration enables a node to generate an IPv6 address automatically
according to the information obtained through router/prefix discovery.
Router/prefix discovery is implemented through RS and RA messages:
1. At startup, a node sends an RS message to request from any available router for the address prefix
and other configuration information for autoconfiguration.
2. A router returns an RA message containing information such as Prefix Information options. (The
router also periodically sends an RA message.)
3. The node automatically generates an IPv6 address and other configuration information according
to the address prefix and other configuration parameters in the RA message.
In addition to an address prefix, the Prefix Information option also contains the preferred lifetime and
valid lifetime of the address prefix. Nodes update the preferred lifetime and valid lifetime accordingly
through periodic RA messages.
An automatically generated address is applicable within the valid lifetime and is removed when the valid
lifetime expires.
Redirection
A newly started host might contain only a default route to the gateway in its routing table. When certain
conditions are met, the gateway sends an ICMPv6 Redirect message to the source host so that the host
can select a better next hop to forward packets (similar to the ICMP redirection function in IPv4).
The gateway sends an ICMPv6 Redirect message when the following conditions are met:
• The receiving interface is the forwarding interface.
• The selected route itself is not created or modified by an ICMPv6 Redirect message.
• The selected route is not the default route.
• The IPv6 packet to be forwarded does not contain any routing header.
IPv6 path MTU discovery
The links that a packet passes from a source to a destination might have different maximum transmission
units (MTUs). In IPv6, when the packet size exceeds the path MTU of a link, the packet is fragmented at
the source end of the link to reduce the processing pressure on intermediate switches and use network
resources effectively.