Interlogix NS3500-28T-4S User Manual - Manual (Page 144)

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become the Root Bridge. If it turns out that your Switch has the lowest Bridge Identifier, it will become the Root Bridge.
Forward Delay Timer – The Forward Delay can be from 4 to 30 seconds. This is the time any port on the
Switch spends in the listening state while moving from the blocking state to the forwarding state.
Observe the following formulas when setting the above parameters:
Max. Age _ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second)
Max. Age _ 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second)
Port Priority – A Port Priority can be from 0 to 240. The lower the number, the greater the probability the port will be
chosen as the Root Port.
Port Cost – A Port Cost can be set from 0 to 200000000. The lower the number, the greater the probability the port will
be chosen to forward packets.
3. Illustration of STP
A simple illustration of three switches connected in a loop is depicted in the below diagram. In this example, you can
anticipate some major network problems if the STP assistance is not applied.
If switch A broadcasts a packet to switch B, switch B will broadcast it to switch C, and switch C will broadcast it to back
to switch A and so on. The broadcast packet will be passed indefinitely in a loop, potentially causing a network failure.
In this example, STP breaks the loop by blocking the connection between switch B and C. The decision to block a
particular connection is based on the STP calculation of the most current Bridge and Port settings.
Now, if switch A broadcasts a packet to switch C, then switch C will drop the packet at port 2 and the broadcast will end
there. Setting-up STP using values other than the defaults, can be complex. Therefore, you are advised to keep the
default factory settings and STP will automatically assign root bridges/ports and block loop connections. Influencing
STP to choose a particular switch as the root bridge using the Priority setting, or influencing STP to choose a particular
port to block using the Port Priority and Port Cost settings is, however, relatively straight forward.