Intel ARCHITECTURE IA-32 - Manual (Page 367)

Multi-Core and Hyper-Threading Technology
7
7-21
the white paper “Developing Multi-threaded Applications: A
Platform Consistent Approach” (referenced in the Introduction
chapter).
• When choosing between different primitives to implement a
synchronization construct, using Intel Thread Checker and Thread
Profiler can be very useful in dealing with multi-threading
functional correctness issue and performance impact under
multi-threaded execution. Additional information on the capabilities
of Intel Thread Checker and Thread Profiler are described in
Appendix A.
Table 7-1 is useful for comparing the properties of three categories of
synchronization objects available to multi-threaded applications.
Table 7-1 Properties of Synchronization Objects
Characteristics
Operating System
Synchronization
Objects
Light Weight User Syn-
chronization
Synchronization
Object based on MON-
ITOR/MWAIT
Cycles to
acquire and
release (if there
is a contention) Thousands or Tens
of thousands cycles Hundreds of cycles Hundreds of cycles
Power
consumption Saves power by
halting the core or
logical processor if
idle Some power saving if
using PAUSE Saves more power
than PAUSE
Scheduling and
context
switching Returns to the OS
scheduler if
contention exists
(can be tuned with
earlier spin loop
count) Does not return to the
OS scheduler
voluntarily Does not return to the
OS scheduler
voluntarily
Ring level Ring 0 Ring 3 Ring 0