H3C Technologies H3C S12500 Series Switches - Manual (Page 99)

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Enhancements in IGMPv2
Compared with IGMPv1, IGMPv2 has introduced a querier election mechanism and a leave-group
mechanism.
Querier election mechanism
In IGMPv1, the DR elected by the Layer 3 multicast routing protocol (such as PIM) serves as the querier
among multiple routers on the same subnet.
IGMPv2 introduced an independent querier election mechanism. The querier election process is as
follows:
1. Initially, every IGMPv2 router assumes itself as the querier and sends IGMP general query
messages (often called "general queries") to all hosts and routers on the local subnet. The
destination address is 224.0.0.1.
2. After receiving a general query, every IGMPv2 router compares the source IP address of the query
message with its own interface address. After comparison, the router with the lowest IP address
wins the querier election and becomes the querier, and all other IGMPv2 routers become
non-queriers.
3. All the non-queriers start a timer, known as "other querier present timer." If a router receives an
IGMP query from the querier before the timer expires, it resets this timer. Otherwise, it assumes the
querier have timed out and initiates a new querier election process.
"Leave group" mechanism
In IGMPv1, when a host leaves a multicast group, it does not send any notification to the multicast router.
The multicast router relies on host response timeout to determine whether a group has members. This
increases the leave latency.
In IGMPv2, when a host leaves a multicast group, the following steps occur:
1. This host sends a leave message to all routers on the local subnet with the destination address of
224.0.0.2.
2. After receiving the leave message, the querier sends a configurable number of group-specific
queries to the group that the host is leaving. The destination address field and group address field
of the message are both filled with the address of the multicast group that is being queried.
3. One of the remaining members (if any on the subnet) of the group should send a membership
report within the maximum response delay advertised in the query messages.
4. If the querier receives a membership report for the group within the maximum response delay, it
maintains the memberships for the group. Otherwise, the querier assumes that the group has no
member hosts on the local subnet and stops maintaining the memberships for the group.
Enhancements in IGMPv3
NOTE:
Only the Include mode but not the Exclude mode is supported by the switch. Descriptions of the Exclude
mode in this document are for reference only.
IGMPv3 is based on and is compatible with IGMPv1 and IGMPv2. It provides hosts with enhanced
control capabilities and provides enhancements of query and report messages.